Influence of carbohydrate foods and mating on longevity of the parasitoid Bathyplectes curculionis (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)
Influence of carbohydrate foods and mating on longevity of the parasitoid Bathyplectes curculionis (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)
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DOI：
10.1603/0046-225x-29.5.1088
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发表时间：
2000-10-01
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Evans, EW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jacob, HS;Evans, EW
通过延长成虫寿命，碳水化合物食物来源可以影响寄生蜂对害虫的生物防治效果。紫花苜蓿象甲的寄生蜂Bathyplectes curculion is(Thomson)的成虫从持续的营养中受益良多：田间采集的成虫在提供糖水时的寿命显著长于只提供水的成虫。在野外获得一种潜在的成虫营养来源--蒲公英花，使实验室饲养的黄蜂只活了很短的时间，但与那些只获得水、紫花苜蓿叶或黄花菜花的黄蜂相比，寿命要长得多。观察到这些黄蜂很容易在蒲公英上觅食，但不能把头伸进小花里，也不会刺穿小花来获取花蜜。对于所提供的每一种食物(蒲公英、水仙花、紫花苜蓿或水)，处女都比交配的雌性活得更长。然而，当给黄蜂提供蜂蜜水溶液时，情况并非如此：处女和交配的雌性黄蜂的平均寿命都超过20天。这些结果表明，即使在没有产卵的情况下，当有劣质而不是更好的食物时，交配的简单行为也会减少雌性的寿命。提供蜂蜜的黄蜂与其他碳水化合物食物在寿命方面的鲜明对比提出了一个问题，即自然界中有多少雌性黄蜂实现了潜在的寿命和繁殖力。蒲公英和豌豆蚜蜜露似乎是紫花苜蓿田黄蜂最有可能的碳水化合物来源。补充食物，如花卉种植，可能会促进实现这种潜在的长寿，但对黄蜂来说，花卉食物的质量和可获得性需要仔细评估。
By promoting adult longevity, carbohydrate food sources can influence the effectiveness of parasitoids in biological control of insect pests. Adults of Bathyplectes curculionis (Thomson), a parasitoid of the alfalfa weevil (Gyllenhal) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), benefit greatly from continual nourishment: field-collected adults lived significantly longer when provided sugar-water than those provided water only. Access to one potential source of adult nutrition in the field, dandelion flowers, enabled laboratory-reared wasps to live only slightly but nevertheless significantly longer than those that had access to water only, foliage of alfalfa or flowers of Phacelia tanacetifolia Bentham. The wasps were observed foraging readily on dandelion but could not insert their heads into and did not pierce florets to obtain nectar. For each of the foods provided (dandelion, phacelia, alfalfa, or water alone), virgin females lived significantly longer than mated females. This was not the case, however, when wasps were provided a honey water solution: both virgin and mated females lived more than 20 d on average. These results suggest that even in the absence of oviposition, female longevity is reduced by the simple act of mating when inferior but not superior foods Ne available. The striking contrast in longevity of wasps provided honey versus other carbohydrate foods raises the question of how much female wasps in nature realize their potential lifespan and fecundity. Dandelions and pea aphid honeydew appear to be the most likely sources of carbohydrates for the wasp in alfalfa fields. Supplemental foods such as floral plantings may promote realization of such potential longevity, but the quality and accessibility of floral foods for the wasp will need to be evaluated carefully.