Marine ornamental trade in Brazil
Marine ornamental trade in Brazil
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DOI：
10.1007/s10531-004-0222-1
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发表时间：
2005-11-01
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Sazima, I
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gasparini, JL;Floeter, SR;Sazima, I
巴西是世界五大热带观赏鱼出口国之一，从20世纪90年代中期到后期，巴西对海洋观赏生物的兴趣大幅增加。目前在巴西的观赏贸易中，大约有120种珊瑚鱼被捕捞。在75个收获最多的物种中，26个（34.7%）是特有的，8个（10.7%）是罕见的，6个（8.2%）是河口依赖的物种。55个物种（75.3%）有复杂的生殖策略和/或父母照顾。从数量上看，前10个物种占巴西出口到美国和欧洲共同体物种的62%。收获最多的珊瑚礁无脊椎动物包括约65种。最具代表性的是甲壳类动物，有15种（23%），软体动物和石珊瑚各有10种（15.4%）。其中，15种（23%）是地方特有种，9种（13.8%）是稀有物种，7种（10.8%）是重要的造礁者。报道了一种巨型海葵（Condylactis acutea）局部绝灭的案例。为了减轻生态影响，建议采取一系列紧急措施，包括制定海洋观赏性捕捞的具体法律，并加强执法，以防止巴西的非法贸易。
Brazil is one of the five leading exporting countries of tropical aquarium fishes in the world, and the interest in marine ornamental organisms has increased substantially there from the mid to the late 1990s. About 120 reef fish species are currently harvested in Brazil's ornamental trade. Among the 75 most harvested species, 26 (34.7%) are endemic, eight (10.7%) are rare, and six (8.2%) are estuarine-dependent species. Fifty-five species (75.3%) have complex reproductive strategies and/or parental care. In quantitative terms, the top 10 species comprises 62% of the species exported from Brazil to the USA and the European Community. The most harvested reef invertebrates include about 65 species. The most representative groups are crustaceans with 15 species (23%), and molluscs and stony corals with 10 species (15.4%) each. Among these, 15 (23%) are endemics, nine (13.8%) are rare species, and seven (10.8%) are important reef builders. A case of local extinction of the giant anemone Condylactis gigantea is reported. To alleviate ecological impacts a series of urgent measures is suggested, including the creation of specific laws for marine ornamental harvesting and improving law enforcement to prevent illegal trade in Brazil.