Methanotrophic bacterial symbionts fuel dense populations of deep-sea feather duster worms (Sabellida, Annelida) and extend the spatial influence of methane seepage
Methanotrophic bacterial symbionts fuel dense populations of deep-sea feather duster worms (Sabellida, Annelida) and extend the spatial influence of methane seepage
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DOI：
10.1126/sciadv.aay8562
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发表时间：
2020-04-01
期刊：
影响因子：
13.6
通讯作者：
Orphan, Victoria J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Goffredi, Shana K.;Tilic, Ekin;Orphan, Victoria J.
深海冷渗流是甲烷释放的动态来源，是支持海洋生物多样性和生产力的独特生境。在这里，我们描述了新发现的以甲烷为燃料的动物-细菌共生，在两种环节动物(锯齿类和剑尾轮虫)和不同的好氧甲烷氧化细菌之间，属于甲氧球虫，定位于宿主呼吸冠部。蠕虫组织增量C-13在-44%到-58%之间与两个物种的甲烷燃料营养相一致，船上的稳定同位素标记实验显示，C-13标记的甲烷被主动同化到动物生物量中，这是通过吞噬整个树冠表皮表面的甲烷营养细菌发生的。这些蠕虫是为数不多的与甲烷氧化细菌密切相关的动物的新成员，可能会进一步解释它们在1.5亿年前的化石渗漏中神秘的大量出现。高分辨率海底调查记录了这些共生体的重要覆盖面，超出了典型的专有渗漏动物群。这些发现揭示了深海甲烷的新消费者，并通过扩大已知的甲烷渗漏的空间范围，可能对深海保护具有重要意义。
Deep-sea cold seeps are dynamic sources of methane release and unique habitats supporting ocean biodiversity and productivity. Here, we describe newly discovered animal-bacterial symbioses fueled by methane, between two species of annelid (a serpulid Laminatubus and sabellid Bispira) and distinct aerobic methane-oxidizing bacteria belonging to the Methylococcales, localized to the host respiratory crown. Worm tissue delta C-13 of -44 to -58 parts per thousand are consistent with methane-fueled nutrition for both species, and shipboard stable isotope labeling experiments revealed active assimilation of C-13-labeled methane into animal biomass, which occurs via the engulfment of methanotrophic bacteria across the crown epidermal surface. These worms represent a new addition to the few animals known to intimately associate with methane-oxidizing bacteria and may further explain their enigmatic mass occurrence at 150-million year-old fossil seeps. High-resolution seafloor surveys document significant coverage by these symbioses, beyond typical obligate seep fauna. These findings uncover novel consumers of methane in the deep sea and, by expanding the known spatial extent of methane seeps, may have important implications for deep-sea conservation.