Relationship of genetic variation to population size in wildlife
Relationship of genetic variation to population size in wildlife
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DOI：
10.1046/j.1523-1739.1996.10061500.x
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发表时间：
1996-12-01
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
Frankham, R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Frankham, R
遗传多样性是需要保护的生物多样性的三个层次之一。遗传理论预测，遗传变异水平应随着有效种群规模的增加而增加。Soule（1976）编制了第一个令人信服的证据，证明野生动物的遗传变异水平与种群规模有关，但这个问题仍然存在争议。遗传变异与种群大小有关的假设导致以下预测：(1)种内遗传变异应与种群大小有关；(2)种内遗传变异应与岛屿大小有关；(3)遗传变异应与分类类群内的群体大小有关；(4)广布种应比限制种具有更多的遗传变异；(5)动物遗传变异与体型呈负相关；(6)遗传变异与染色体进化速率呈负相关；(7)种间遗传变异应与种群大小有关；（八）脊椎动物的遗传变异少于无脊椎动物和植物；(9)岛屿种群的遗传变异应小于大陆种群；（10）濒危物种应比非濒危物种具有更少的遗传变异。经验观察支持所有这些假设。毫无疑问，遗传变异与种群大小有关，正如Soule所提出的那样。种群规模小降低了野生动物物种的进化潜力。
Genetic diversity is one of three levels of biological diversity requiring conservation. Genetic theory predicts that levels of genetic variation should increase with effective population size. Soule (1976) compiled the first convincing evidence that levels of genetic variation in wildlife were related to population size, but this issue remains controversial. The hypothesis that genetic variation is related to population size leads to the following predictions: (1) genetic variation within species should be related to population size; (2) genetic variation within species should be related to island size; (3) genetic variation should be related to population size within taxonomic groups; (4) widespread species should have more genetic variation than restricted species; (5) genetic variation in animals should be negatively correlated with body size; (6) genetic variation should be negatively correlated with rate of chromosome evolution; (7) genetic variation across species should be related to population size; (8) vertebrates should have less genetic variation than invertebrates or plants; (9) island populations should have less genetic variation than mainland populations; and (10) endangered species should have less genetic variation than nonendangered species. Empirical observations support all these hypotheses. There can be no doubt that genetic variation is related to population size, as Soule proposed. Small population size reduces the evolutionary potential of wildlife species.