Performance of a High-Yielding Modern Rice Cultivar Takanari and Several Old and New Cultivars Grown with and without Chemical Fertilizer in a Submerged Paddy Field
Performance of a High-Yielding Modern Rice Cultivar Takanari and Several Old and New Cultivars Grown with and without Chemical Fertilizer in a Submerged Paddy Field
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DOI：
10.1626/pps.12.365
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发表时间：
2009-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
R. Taylaran;S. Ozawa;N. Miyamoto;T. Ookawa;T. Motobayashi;T. Hirasawa
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. Taylaran;S. Ozawa;N. Miyamoto;T. Ookawa;T. Motobayashi;T. Hirasawa
为了降低生产成本和减少环境污染，需要高的氮素吸收能力和有效利用吸收的氮素用于干物质和粮食生产。我们对以下6个水稻品种的产量、干物质生产和氮积累进行了表征：Sekitori（1848年发布）和Aikoku（1882年），以下简称SA品种; Koshihikari（1956年）; Nipponbare（1963年）和Asanohikari（1987年），以下简称NA品种;以及作为高产现代品种的Takanari（1990年）。植物在有和没有化肥的情况下在淹没的稻田中生长。当植物提供粪肥和化肥，高成始终产生最重的粮食和干物质，其次是NA品种，SA品种最轻。抽穗前的干物质生产在高成和NA品种由于营养生长的持续时间较长。抽穗后的干物质生产是最大的高成，具有较大的作物生长速率（CGR），和SA品种的成熟时间较短的最小。更大的干物质生产在成熟过程中，伴随着更大的氮积累高成和NA品种。这些植物长出了大量的根。高成的冠层消光系数较小也与其较高的生长速率有关。当植物在没有化肥的情况下生长时，Takanari也产生了更重的谷物和干物质，其次是NA品种。这些品种的籽粒较重是由于抽穗前的干物质生产量较大，这是由于营养生长期较长所致。高成和NA品种的干物质生产和氮素积累明显高于化肥。越光的特点是较高的CGR和更大的氮积累在成熟过程中，在没有化肥，应注意在努力减少施氮率。
Abstract A high nitrogen-uptake capacity and effective use of absorbed nitrogen for dry matter and grain production are required to improve the production cost and environmental pollution. We characterized grain yield, dry matter production and nitrogen accumulation in six rice cultivars: Sekitori (released in 1848) and Aikoku (1882), referred to as SA cultivars hereafter; Koshihikari (1956); Nipponbare (1963) and Asanohikari (1987), referred to as NA cultivars hereafter; and Takanari (in 1990) as a high-yielding modern cultivar. The plants were grown with and without chemical fertilizer in a submerged paddy field. When plants were supplied with manure and chemical fertilizer, Takanari consistently produced the heaviest grain and dry matter, followed by the NA cultivars, and the SA cultivars the lightest. Dry matter production before heading was greater in Takanari and the NA cultivars due to the longer duration of vegetative growth. Dry matter production after heading was greatest in Takanari, with a larger crop growth rate (CGR), and smallest in the SA cultivars with a shorter ripening time. Greater dry matter production during ripening was accompanied by the greater accumulation of nitrogen by Takanari and NA cultivars. These plants developed a larger amount of roots. The smaller light extinction coefficient of the canopy was also attributed to the higher CGR in Takanari. When plants were grown without chemical fertilizer, Takanari also produced heavier grain and dry matter, followed by the NA cultivars. The heavier grain in these cultivars resulted from the greater dry matter production before heading, which was due to the longer period of vegetative growth. The greater dry matter production and nitrogen accumulation by Takanari and NA cultivars were evident when plants were grown with chemical fertilizer. Koshihikari was characterized by a higher CGR and greater nitrogen accumulation during ripening in the absence of chemical fertilizer which should be noted in efforts to decrease rates of nitrogen application.