Markers, Maps, and Marker-Assisted Selection
Markers, Maps, and Marker-Assisted Selection
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DOI：
10.1007/978-3-030-15308-3_7
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
T. Shimizu;Y. Kaçar;M. Cristofani-Yaly;Maiara Curtolo;M. A. Machado
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
T. Shimizu;Y. Kaçar;M. Cristofani-Yaly;Maiara Curtolo;M. A. Machado
DNA标记分析与连锁分析和数量性状基因座(QTL)分析相结合，极大地改变了柑橘育种的模式，使标记辅助选择(MAS)在柑橘苗期早期获得一个有前途的接穗成为可能。这项技术通过最大限度地缩短果园的性状评估周期，大大提高了育种效率。这也为利用分子系统学方法了解柑橘品种的分类和系谱提供了显着的成果。在过去的几十年里，从各种杂交中开发出了有价值的DNA标记，用于选择果实性状、无融合生殖、矮秆和抗虫害、逆境或驯化。合子胚胎选择是辅助选择技术在多胚性种子亲本杂交中的一项基本而重要的应用。下一代测序技术的出现极大地促进了基因组序列数据的积累。它们被用于开发共显性DNA标记系统(简单序列重复：SSR和单核苷酸多态：SNP)，使高通量基因分型和高密度连锁图谱构建成为可能。因此，他们还能够通过将图谱与基因组序列相关联来识别与某一特征有关的基因或基因组序列。虽然这些进展为我们提供了性状选择的基因组基础和改良育种的工具，但由于在柑橘中进行大规模遗传分析的困难，由许多基因控制的复杂性状的分子标记分析仍然是一个挑战。目前，基于全基因组基因型数据的两种可供选择的分析方法--全基因组关联研究(GWAS)和基因组选择(GS)--已经可以用来识别任何感兴趣的性状的QTL，而不需要交叉来预测后代的育种价值。这些新的方法有助于选择复杂的性状，并阐明了测量方法的重要性，使这些方法变得适用。
DNA marker analysis, combined with linkage and quantitative trait locus (QTL) analyses, has drastically changed the scheme of citrus breeding by enabling the marker-assisted selection (MAS) of a promising scion at the early seedling stage. This technique has greatly enhanced breeding efficiency by minimizing the period of trait evaluation at the orchard. It has also provided remarkable achievements for understanding the classification and pedigree of citrus varieties by molecular phylogenetic analysis. In the past decades, valuable DNA markers have been developed from various crosses undertaken for the selection of fruit traits, apomixis, dwarfism and for resistance against pests, stress, or acclimation. Zygotic embryo selection is a basic but important application of MAS for the cross of polyembryonic seed parents. The advent of next-generation sequencing technologies dramatically enhanced the accumulation of genome sequence data. They were used for the development of codominant DNA marker systems (simple sequence repeat: SSR and single nucleotide polymorphism: SNP) that enabled high-throughput genotyping and high-density linkage map construction. Consequently, they also enabled the identification of a gene or genome sequence responsible for a trait by associating the map with the genome sequence. While these advances provided us with the genomic basis for trait selection and the tools to improve breeding, MAS of a complex trait controlled by many genes having a small effect still remained a challenge due to the difficulty in conducting large scale genetic analysis in citrus. Now, two alternative analysis methods based on genome-wide genotype data, genome-wide association study (GWAS) and genomic selection (GS), have become available for identifying QTLs of any trait of interest without the need to cross for predicting the breeding value of offspring. These new methods facilitate the selection of complex traits as well as shed light on the significance of measuring methods, for these methods to become applicable.