The 3 major types of innate and adaptive cell-mediated effector immunity
The 3 major types of innate and adaptive cell-mediated effector immunity
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jaci.2014.11.001
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发表时间：
2015-03-01
影响因子：
14.2
通讯作者：
Romagnani, Sergio
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Annunziato, Francesco;Romagnani, Chiara;Romagnani, Sergio
免疫系统调整了其效应器功能，以最佳地响应不同种类的微生物。基于对不同的效应T细胞和先天淋巴细胞（ILC）谱系的新知识，很明显，先天和适应性免疫系统收敛为3种主要的细胞介导的效应免疫，我们建议将其分类为1型，2型和3型。1型免疫由产生T-bet（+）IFN-gamma的第1组ILC（ILC 1和自然杀伤细胞）、CD 8（+）细胞毒性T细胞（T（C）1）和CD 4（+）T（H）1细胞组成，它们通过激活单核吞噬细胞来保护细胞内微生物。2型免疫由产生IL-4、IL-5和IL-13的加塔-3（+）ILC 2、T（C）2细胞和T（H）2细胞组成，所述IL-4、IL-5和IL-13诱导肥大细胞、嗜碱性粒细胞和嗜酸性粒细胞活化以及IgE抗体产生，从而保护免受蠕虫和毒液的侵害。3型免疫由视黄酸相关孤儿受体γ t（+）ILC 3s、T（C）17细胞和T（H）17细胞介导，产生IL-17、IL-22或两者，其激活单核吞噬细胞，但也募集中性粒细胞并诱导上皮抗微生物应答，从而保护免受细胞外细菌和真菌的侵害。另一方面，1型和3型免疫介导自身免疫性疾病，而2型反应可引起过敏性疾病。
The immune system has tailored its effector functions to optimally respond to distinct species of microbes. Based on emerging knowledge on the different effector T-cell and innate lymphoid cell (ILC) lineages, it is clear that the innate and adaptive immune systems converge into 3 major kinds of cellmediated effector immunity, which we propose to categorize as type 1, type 2, and type 3. Type 1 immunity consists of T-bet(+) IFN-gamma-producing group 1 ILCs (ILC1 and natural killer cells), CD8(+) cytotoxic T cells (T(C)1), and CD4(+) T(H)1 cells, which protect against intracellular microbes through activation of mononuclear phagocytes. Type 2 immunity consists of GATA-3(+) ILC2s, T(C)2 cells, and T(H)2 cells producing IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13, which induce mast cell, basophil, and eosinophil activation, as well as IgE antibody production, thus protecting against helminthes and venoms. Type 3 immunity is mediated by retinoic acid-related orphan receptor gamma t(+) ILC3s, T(C)17 cells, and T(H)17 cells producing IL-17, IL-22, or both, which activate mononuclear phagocytes but also recruit neutrophils and induce epithelial antimicrobial responses, thus protecting against extracellular bacteria and fungi. On the other hand, type 1 and 3 immunity mediate autoimmune diseases, whereas type 2 responses can cause allergic diseases.