Evaluation of field-scale variability of heavy metal sorption in soils by scale factors — Scaling approach and statistical analysis
Evaluation of field-scale variability of heavy metal sorption in soils by scale factors — Scaling approach and statistical analysis
复制标题
通过尺度因子评估土壤中重金属吸附的田间尺度变异性 â 尺度方法和统计分析
DOI：
10.1016/j.geoderma.2014.11.012
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
6.1
通讯作者：
J. Utermann
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Böttcher;J. Utermann
土壤吸附重金属的能力是通过吸附等温线来量化的。显然“均匀”土壤的整个领域的重金属吸附等温线的字段规模的变化往往是非常大的，并使点测量的放大到更大的规模的问题。这可以通过吸附等温线的缩放来克服，这是一种可能将等温线的宽范围分别减少到参考或平均等温线的方法，但通过计算的比例因子保留变化。在汉诺威，德国（黄土在Lathwehren，壤土到桑迪土壤在Vinnhorst）附近的两个研究地点，我们调查了镉（Cd），铜（Cu），铅（Pb）和锌（Zn）的吸附等温线的现场规模的变化。对于每个站点，沿沿着250 m横断面在两个深度处采集50个样本。此外，对于每个站点和深度，从50个横断面样本的等分试样中混合一个复合样本。单重金属的吸附等温线进行了测定，沿着与一系列的土壤性质，包括pH值，CEC，OC，和质地。的等温线成功地参数化的Freundlich方程，空间上非常可变。吸附等温线的标度因子的计算是成功的，因为标度降低方差很高（从64%到99%）。然后，我们测试了不同的重金属吸附等温线的尺度因子之间的相关性，也存在土壤性质。这种相关性是预期的，因为重金属（如镉和锌）的竞争吸附，和各自的土壤性质直接关系到离子吸附在土壤中。重金属吸附等温线的尺度因子之间的显着相关性，只发现在一个网站和深度（在壤土到桑迪底土）。因此，这些关系是特定地点和深度的，不能概括。此外，重金属吸附等温线的尺度因子与土壤性质之间的相关性仅零星出现，不具有可转换性。其中一个可能的原因可能是在相关性分析之前对数据进行了转换（差异转换），以获得正态性。另一个目的是证明，平均等温线是否可以由该地区的复合样品的单一测量等温线表示。这被发现持有在黄土网站，但不是在壤土到桑迪网站。这表明，缩放是有利的网站没有太大的土壤质地的差异。虽然相关性分析显示只有零星的，不transmartable相关性，多元线性回归方程的Lathwehren底土被发现预测铜吸附的比例因子从有机碳含量和阳离子交换容量。从我们的调查中，我们得出结论，缩放是一个有用的工具，以量化和表达场尺度的变化，重金属吸附等温线在土壤中。然而，从简单的土壤性质的尺度因子的预测只有部分成功，需要进一步的研究工作。
The ability of soils to sorb heavy metals is quantified by sorption isotherms. The field-scale variability of heavy metal sorption isotherms across fields of apparently “homogeneous” soil is often very large and makes the upscaling of point measurements to larger scales problematic. This may be overcome by scaling of sorption isotherms, which is a method that potentially reduces the wide spread of the isotherms into a reference or average isotherm, respectively, but preserves the variation through calculated scale factors. At two study sites near Hannover, Germany (loess soil at Lathwehren, loamy to sandy soil at Vinnhorst), we investigated the field-scale variability of the sorption isotherms of cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn). For each site, 50 samples were taken along a 250 m transect at two depths. Further, for each site and depth a composite sample was mixed from aliquots of the 50 transect samples. Sorption isotherms of single heavy metals were measured, along with a range of soil properties, including pH, CEC, OC, and texture. The isotherms were successfully parameterized by the Freundlich equation and were spatially very variable. Calculation of scale factors for the sorption isotherms was successful, as scaling reduction of variance was high (from 64% to 99%). We then tested if correlations between scale factors of different heavy metal sorption isotherms, and also to soil properties existed. Such correlation were expected, because heavy metals (e.g. Cd and Zn) are competitively adsorbed, and the respective soil properties directly relate to ion sorption in soil. Significant correlations between scale factors of heavy metal sorption isotherms were only found at one site and depth (in the loamy to sandy subsoil). Thus, these relationships were site- and depth specific and are not generalizable. In addition, significant correlations between scale factors of heavy metal sorption isotherms and soil properties occurred only sporadically, and were not transferrable. One possible reason for this might be that the data were transformed (difference transformation) prior to correlation analysis to obtain normality. A further objective was to prove, whether the average isotherms can be represented by a single measured isotherms of the composite samples from the area. This was found to hold at the loess site, but not at the loamy to sandy site. This indicates that scaling is favorable to sites not too much differing in soil texture. Although correlation analysis revealed only sporadic and not transferrable correlations, a multiple linear regression equation for the Lathwehren subsoil was found to predict Cu sorption scale factors from organic carbon content and cation exchange capacity. From our investigation we conclude that scaling is a useful tool to quantify and express field-scale variability of heavy metal sorption isotherms in soils. However, a prediction of scale factors from simple soil properties was only partly successful and needs further research efforts.
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DOI：
--
发表时间：
1990
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
A. Warrick
通讯作者：
A. Warrick
土壤物理学的里程碑
DOI：
--
发表时间：
2006
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
P. Raats;M. V. van Genuchten
通讯作者：
M. V. van Genuchten
在柱尺度上验证的比例吸附模型可预测空间变化的田间土壤中的镉含量
DOI：
--
发表时间：
1992
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
A. Boekhold;S. van der Zee
通讯作者：
S. van der Zee
影响因子：
4.2
作者：
Kurt Roth
通讯作者：
Kurt Roth
土壤中重金属的行为：溶解有机物的影响
DOI：
--
发表时间：
2003
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
J. Wong;Lixiang Zhou
通讯作者：
Lixiang Zhou