Decision-making in amnesia: Do advantageous decisions require conscious knowledge of previous behavioural choices?
Decision-making in amnesia: Do advantageous decisions require conscious knowledge of previous behavioural choices?
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DOI：
10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2006.01.014
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发表时间：
2006-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Ptak, Radek
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gutbrod, Klemens;Krouzel, Claudine;Ptak, Radek
先前的工作已经报道，在爱荷华州赌博任务（IGT）中，可以在已知有利策略之前做出有利决策[Bechara，A.，达马西奥，H.，特拉内尔，D.，& Damasio，A. R.（1997年）。在知道有利的策略之前作出有利的决定。Science，275，1293-1295].为了测试是否外显记忆是必不可少的收购的行为偏好的有利的选择，我们测量了行为表现和皮肤电导反应（SCR）在5例致密性健忘症的基底前脑和眶额皮质损伤，6名健忘症患者的内侧颞叶或间脑损伤，和8名对照组进行IGT。在100项试验中，健康的参与者获得了对有利选择的偏好，并产生了高水平的惩罚。此外，他们对不利选择的预期SCR大于有利选择。然而，这种分离发生得比对有利替代品的行为偏好晚得多。相比之下，虽然表现出歧视性自主SCR不同程度的惩罚，9 II健忘症患者的机会，并没有表现出差异的预期SCR有利和不利的选择。此外，预期SCR的大小与行为表现无关。这些结果表明，行为偏好的获得-无论是有利的还是不利的选择-取决于任务中遇到的先前强化的记忆，这种能力需要完整的外显记忆。(c)2006爱思唯尔有限公司保留所有权利。
Previous work has reported that in the Iowa gambling task (IGT) advantageous decisions may be taken before the advantageous strategy is known [Bechara, A., Damasio, H., Tranel, D., & Damasio, A. R. (1997). Deciding advantageously before knowing the advantageous strategy. Science, 275, 1293-1295]. In order to test whether explicit memory is essential for the acquisition of a behavioural preference for advantageous choices, we measured behavioural performance and skin conductance responses (SCRs) in five patients with dense amnesia following damage to the basal forebrain and orbitofrontal cortex, six amnesic patients with damage to the medial temporal lobe or the diencephalon, and eight control subjects performing the IGT. Across 100 trials healthy participants acquired a preference for advantageous choices and generated large SCRs to high levels of punishment. In addition, their anticipatory SCRs to disadvantageous choices were larger than to advantageous choices. However, this dissociation occurred much later than the behavioural preference for advantageous alternatives. In contrast, though exhibiting discriminatory autonomic SCRs to different levels of punishment, 9 of I I amnesic patients performed at chance and did not show differential anticipatory SCRs to advantageous and disadvantageous choices. Further, the magnitude of anticipatory SCRs did not correlate with behavioural performance. These results suggest that the acquisition of a behavioural preference - be it for advantageous or disadvantageous choices - depends on the memory of previous reinforcements encountered in the task, a capacity requiring intact explicit memory. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.