Chromosomal mapping, differential origin and evolution of the S100 gene family.
Chromosomal mapping, differential origin and evolution of the S100 gene family.
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S100基因家族的染色体作图、差异起源和进化
DOI：
10.1186/1297-9686-40-4-449
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发表时间：
2008-07
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Zhou R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Shang X;Cheng H;Zhou R
S100蛋白是一种钙结合蛋白，仅存在于脊椎动物中，是一个庞大的蛋白家族。S100家族在脊椎动物谱系中的起源和进化仍然是一个挑战。在这里，我们研究了哺乳动物S100 A基因的同线性保守性，通过分析数据库中的脊椎动物S100基因的序列。通过染色体定位分析，确定了5个以前未知的S100 A基因成员。哺乳动物的S100 A基因在一条染色体上重复并聚集在一起，而硬骨鱼的S100 A基因在不同的染色体上存在两个簇，表明在鱼类特异性基因组重复发生之前，S100 A基因就已经存在于鱼类中。在物种形成过程中，一条特定染色体上S100 A基因簇内的串联基因重复事件可能导致了S100 A基因家族的多个成员。这些重复的基因通过新功能化和/或亚功能化保留在基因组中，或者进化成非编码序列。然而，在脊椎动物基因组中，也存在其他S100基因，即S100 P，S100 B，S100 G和S100 Z，它们以单拷贝基因的形式存在，分布在不同的染色体上，这表明它们可能是从与S100 A基因不同的祖先进化而来的。
S100 proteins are calcium-binding proteins, which exist only in vertebrates and which constitute a large protein family. The origin and evolution of the S100 family in vertebrate lineages remain a challenge. Here, we examined the synteny conservation of mammalian S100A genes by analysing the sequence of available vertebrate S100 genes in databases. Five S100A gene members, unknown previously, were identified by chromosome mapping analysis. Mammalian S100A genes are duplicated and clustered on a single chromosome while two S100A gene clusters are found on separate chromosomes in teleost fish, suggesting that S100A genes existed in fish before the fish-specific genome duplication took place. During speciation, tandem gene duplication events within the cluster of S100A genes of a given chromosome have probably led to the multiple members of the S100A gene family. These duplicated genes have been retained in the genome either by neofunctionalisation and/or subfunctionalisation or have evolved into non-coding sequences. However in vertebrate genomes, other S100 genes are also present i.e. S100P, S100B, S100G and S100Z, which exist as single copy genes distributed on different chromosomes, suggesting that they could have evolved from an ancestor different to that of the S100A genes.