Gender Inequality and Sex Differences in Physical Fighting, Physical Activity, and Injury Among Adolescents Across 36 Countries
Gender Inequality and Sex Differences in Physical Fighting, Physical Activity, and Injury Among Adolescents Across 36 Countries
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jadohealth.2018.11.007
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发表时间：
2019-05-01
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
Stevens, Gonneke W. J. M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
de Looze, Margaretha;Elgar, Frank J.;Stevens, Gonneke W. J. M.
目的：青春期健康中的性别差异被广泛记录，但对这些性别差异的社会解释很少。这项研究考察了社会性别不平等(即男女在政治参与、决策权、经济参与和对资源的指挥权方面的不平等份额)是否与青少年身体打斗、身体活动和伤害方面的性别差异有关。方法：在2009-2010年学龄儿童健康行为研究中，将国家层面的性别不平等数据(即联合国开发计划署的性别不平等指数)与来自36个国家的71,255名15岁儿童的健康数据联系起来。使用多水平Logistic回归分析，在控制国家财富(人均国内生产总值)的情况下，我们检验了性别不平等与性别健康差异的关系。结果：在所有国家，男孩报告的身体打斗、身体活动和伤害都比女孩多，但这些性别差异的程度在国家之间差异很大。在所有三种结果中，社会性别不平等都与性别差异呈正相关。在更多性别不平等的国家，男孩报告的打架和体力活动水平比性别更平等国家的男孩更高。在女孩中，这些结果的得分一直很低；然而，伤害在性别不平等较少的国家更常见。结论：社会性别不平等似乎与一些青少年健康行为的性别差异有关，并可能有助于建立发病率和死亡率的性别差异。为了减少子孙后代健康方面的不平等，公共卫生政策应针对塑造年轻人中公认的性别规范的社会和文化因素。(C)2018年青少年健康与医学学会。版权所有。
Purpose: Sex differences in adolescent health are widely documented, but social explanations for these sex differences are scarce. This study examines whether societal gender inequality (i.e., men's and women's unequal share in political participation, decision-making power, economic participation, and command over resources) relates to sex differences in adolescent physical fighting, physical activity, and injuries.Methods: National-level data on gender inequality (i.e., the United Nations Development Program's Gender Inequality Index) were linked to health data from 71,255 15-year-olds from 36 countries in the 2009-2010 Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children study. Using multilevel logistic regression analyses, we tested the association between gender inequality and sex differences in health while controlling for country wealth (gross domestic product per capita).Results: In all countries, boys reported more physical fighting, physical activity, and injuries than girls, but the magnitude of these sex differences varied greatly between countries. Societal gender inequality positively related to sex differences in all three outcomes. In more gender unequal countries, boys reported higher levels of fighting and physical activity compared with boys in more gender equal countries. In girls, scores were consistently low for these outcomes; however, injury was more common in countries with less gender inequality.Conclusions: Societal gender inequality appears to relate to sex differences in some adolescent health behaviors and may contribute to the establishment of sex differences in morbidity and mortality. To reduce inequalities in the health of future generations, public health policy should target social and cultural factors that shape perceived gender norms in young people. (C) 2018 Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine. All rights reserved.