Exposure data and risk indicators for safety performance assessment in Europe.
Exposure data and risk indicators for safety performance assessment in Europe.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.aap.2013.04.040
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发表时间：
2013-11
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
E. Papadimitriou;G. Yannis;F. Bijleveld;J. Cardoso
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
E. Papadimitriou;G. Yannis;F. Bijleveld;J. Cardoso
本文的目的是分析欧洲安全性能评估的风险指标和暴露数据的最新水平，包括数据可用性、收集方法和使用。更具体地说，探讨了接触和风险的概念，以及道路安全研究中使用的各种接触措施的理论特性（例如车辆和人公里的旅行，车队，道路长度，驾驶员人数，交通时间等）。此外，还介绍和评估了在国家一级收集用于风险估计的分类接触数据的现有方法，包括调查方法（如旅行调查、交通统计）和数据库（如国家登记册）。还对现有风险数据的可用性和质量进行了详细分析。更具体地说，介绍了在欧洲国家进行的问卷调查的结果，详细介绍了现有的接触措施、可能的分类（即变量和值）、是否符合标准定义以及国家收集方法的特点。最后，主要通过含有接触数据的国际数据文件（例如欧统局、国际放射学研究所、欧洲化学品监测小组、欧洲经委会、国际放射学联合会等），研究了进行国际风险比较的可能性。这次审查的结果证实，在国际一级比较风险率可能是一项复杂的任务，因为欧洲各国的接触估计数的可用性和质量差异很大。由于缺乏收集和利用接触数据的共同框架，国家数据的可比性受到很大限制。另一方面，载有暴露数据的国际数据文件系统地提供了有用的统计数据和估计数，目前是在某些条件下对道路安全绩效进行国际比较的唯一来源。
The objective of this paper is the analysis of the state-of-the-art in risk indicators and exposure data for safety performance assessment in Europe, in terms of data availability, collection methodologies and use. More specifically, the concepts of exposure and risk are explored, as well as the theoretical properties of various exposure measures used in road safety research (e.g. vehicle- and person-kilometres of travel, vehicle fleet, road length, driver population, time spent in traffic, etc.). Moreover, the existing methods for collecting disaggregate exposure data for risk estimates at national level are presented and assessed, including survey methods (e.g. travel surveys, traffic counts) and databases (e.g. national registers). A detailed analysis of the availability and quality of existing risk exposure data is also carried out. More specifically, the results of a questionnaire survey in the European countries are presented, with detailed information on exposure measures available, their possible disaggregations (i.e. variables and values), their conformity to standard definitions and the characteristics of their national collection methods. Finally, the potential of international risk comparisons is investigated, mainly through the International Data Files with exposure data (e.g. Eurostat, IRTAD, ECMT, UNECE, IRF, etc.). The results of this review confirm that comparing risk rates at international level may be a complex task, as the availability and quality of exposure estimates in European countries varies significantly. The lack of a common framework for the collection and exploitation of exposure data limits significantly the comparability of the national data. On the other hand, the International Data Files containing exposure data provide useful statistics and estimates in a systematic way and are currently the only sources allowing international comparisons of road safety performance under certain conditions.