Constraints, Catalysts and Coevolution in Cultural Neuroscience: Reply to Commentaries.
Constraints, Catalysts and Coevolution in Cultural Neuroscience: Reply to Commentaries.
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DOI：
10.1080/1047840x.2013.773599
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发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
9.3
通讯作者：
Chiao JY
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cheon BK;Mrazek AJ;Pornpattananangkul N;Blizinsky KD;Chiao JY
1906年，拉蒙·卡哈尔（Ramon y Cajal）将大脑描述为“一个由许多未探索的大陆和大片未知领域组成的世界”（圣地亚哥，1920年）。近世纪后，人类神经科学研究者开始试图绘制大脑的结构和功能特征，就像1520年麦哲伦环绕地球仪，第一次发现组成我们物理世界的大片海洋和陆地一样。然而，文化神经科学中的许多机遇和挑战使这一当代科学之旅持续不断。例如，科学模型依赖于识别和发现因果机制的证据，例如遗传和经验因素如何限制和唤起一代人内和跨代的神经发育;然而，用于测试基因，大脑或行为中因果机制的技术或技术仍然有限。文化-基因协同进化理论等新颖的生物学理论为当代心理学家和神经科学家提供了一个新的透镜，将人类的思想和大脑不仅视为基因-环境相互作用的副产品，而且也是人类文化的副产品。什么是人类文化？几个世纪以来，人类多样性的概念迫使人们进行智力探索，在人类学和心理学的关系中，学者们一致认为，文化至少是指定义地理范围内和地理范围内的群体和人的价值观，实践和信仰。文化是由人类行为创造和传播的;因此，文化基因共同进化理论认为，文化特征，像遗传特征一样，可以通过进化力量进行选择。此外，当文化被创造时，这种生态位结构可以改变环境因素或压力，这些因素或压力与心理和生物生产中的遗传机制相互作用。
In 1906, Ramon y Cajal described the brain as “a world consisting of a number of unexplored continents and great stretches of unknown territory”(Santiago, 1920). Nearly a century later, human neuroscience researchers have sought to map the structural and functional features of the brain, much as Magellen in 1520 circumnavigated the globe discovering for the first time great stretches of ocean and land that compose our physical world. Yet many opportunities and challenges in cultural neuroscience make much of this contemporary scientific journey ongoing and perpetual. For instance, scientific models depend on identifying and discovering evidence for causal mechanisms—such as how genetic and experiential factors constrain and evoke neural development within and across generations; yet the technology or access to technology for testing causal mechanisms in gene, brain, or behavior remains limited. Novel biological theories such as culture-gene coevolutionary theory provide a fresh lens for contemporary psychologists and neuroscientists to view the human mind and brain as a by-product not only of gene–environment interactions but also of human culture.What is human culture? The notion of human diversity has compelled intellectual inquiry for centuries and at the nexus of anthropology and psychology, scholars agree that at minimum, culture refers the sets of values, practices, and beliefs that define groups and people within and across geography. Culture is both created and transmitted by human behavior; as such culture–gene coevolutionary theory argues that cultural traits, like genetic traits, can be selected on by evolutionary forces. Furthermore, when culture is created, this niche construction can alter environmental factors or pressures that interact with genetic mechanisms in the production of psychological and biological