Simulation Study of Access Management at Modern Roundabouts: Treatments of Pedestrian Crosswalks
Simulation Study of Access Management at Modern Roundabouts: Treatments of Pedestrian Crosswalks
复制标题
现代环岛出入管理模拟研究：人行横道的处理
DOI：
10.3141/2265-24
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发表时间：
2011
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
D. Noyce
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
George X. Lu;Fang Guan;D. Noyce
在北美广泛出现的现代圆形人行道引发了关于行人通道的争议。几乎不间断的交通流、环境噪声和城市环境使得视障者在仅使用听觉提示时难以感知安全的交叉间隙。2005年，美国无障碍委员会发布了一份修订后的指南草案，要求为“人行横道的每一段提供一个由行人激活的交通信号灯”，以确保视力受损的行人能够通行。《出入管理手册》规定了主要的交通行动，其中包括设有人行道和适当的行人安全岛的多模式街道，但该手册没有解决环形交叉路口的行人出入问题。在北美，很少有环形交叉路口装有行人信号灯。很少有研究探讨信号环岛行人通道的改善。该模拟研究定量评估了四个行人信号灯放置在环形交叉口的性能与广泛的测试方案，导致不同的人行横道布局，安装方案和操作条件。一个两阶段的安装方案被发现比一个阶段的计划更有效的操作，与两个阶段的计划，三个布局之间没有显着差异。当采用一阶段方案时，远距离布局由于扩大了存储空间而减少了车辆延误和排队长度。高强度激活的人行横道信号诱导最小的车辆延误，行人用户友好的界面信号最大限度地减少行人延误，同时充分保护行人。研究结果提供了一个客观的基础，确定人行横道的处理，以提高环岛的可达性和信息的交通政策制定者，规划者和从业人员在访问管理社区谁的工作，在提高环岛行人的可达性。
The widespread emergence of modern roundabouts in North America has kindled a controversy about pedestrian access. Almost uninterrupted traffic streams, ambient noises, and urban settings make it difficult for the visually impaired to perceive safe crossing gaps when only auditory cues are used. In 2005, the U.S. Access Board released a revised draft guideline calling for the provision of a “pedestrian-activated traffic signal … for each segment of the crosswalk” to ensure access for vision-impaired pedestrians. The Access Management Manual prescribes major transportation actions encompassing multimodal streets with sidewalks and adequate pedestrian refuges, but the manual does not address the issue of pedestrian access at roundabouts. In North America few roundabouts have been outfitted with pedestrian signals. Little research has explored signalizing roundabouts for pedestrian access improvements. This simulation study quantitatively assessed the performance of four pedestrian signals placed at roundabouts with a wide spectrum of test scenarios resulting from varied crosswalk layouts, installation schemes, and operational conditions. A two-stage installation scheme was found more operationally efficient than a one-stage scheme; with the two-stage scheme, no significant differences existed between three layouts. When a one-stage scheme operated, a distant layout reduced vehicle delay and queue length because of enlarged storage space. High-intensity activated crosswalk signals induced minimum vehicle delay, and pedestrian user-friendly interface signals minimized pedestrian delay while fully protecting pedestrians. The findings provide an objective basis for identifying crosswalk treatments to improve roundabout accessibility and are informative for transportation policy makers, planners, and practitioners in the access management community who work at enhancing roundabout accessibility for pedestrians.