Belowground communication: impacts of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from soil fungi on other soil-inhabiting organisms
Belowground communication: impacts of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from soil fungi on other soil-inhabiting organisms
复制标题
地下通讯：土壤真菌挥发性有机化合物（VOC）对其他土壤生物的影响
DOI：
10.1007/s00253-016-7792-1
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Brinkmann N
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Werner S;Polle A;Brinkmann N
综述了真菌挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)对土壤生物的影响及其对靶标的生理和分子后果。因为真菌只能通过生长向不同的方向移动，所以保护自己免受敌人攻击或操纵周围环境的主要机制是分泌物或VOCs的分泌。挥发性有机化合物在这方面的重要性被严重低估。VOCs不仅可以是沟通的手段，也可以是能够专门操纵接受者的信号。VOCs可以对共生伙伴植物的根构型进行重新编程，或者增加植物的生长，从而扩大定殖面。VOCs还可以通过激活植物激素依赖的信号通路来增强植物对病原菌的抗性。在某些情况下，它们具有植物毒性。由于对不同物种的反应是特异的，真菌VOCs可能有助于调节植物群落之间的竞争。此外，VOCs被生产真菌用来攻击竞争对手的真菌或细菌，从而保护排放者或其营养来源。此外，动物，如跳虫、线虫和蚯蚓，是土壤食物网的重要组成部分，对真菌VOCs有反应。一些挥发性有机化合物是线虫的有效驱避剂，因此可用作生防剂。综上所述，本综述表明，真菌VOCs对土壤动植物有巨大的影响，但其潜在的机制、VOCs如何被接受者感知、它们如何操纵其靶标以及由此产生的VOCs在跨界信号传递中的生态后果还只被部分了解。这些知识空白留待以后的研究填补。
We reviewed the impact of fungal volatile organic compounds (VOCs) on soil-inhabiting organisms and their physiological and molecular consequences for their targets. Because fungi can only move by growth to distinct directions, a main mechanism to protect themselves from enemies or to manipulate their surroundings is the secretion of exudates or VOCs. The importance of VOCs in this regard has been significantly underestimated. VOCs not only can be means of communication, but also signals that are able to specifically manipulate the recipient. VOCs can reprogram root architecture of symbiotic partner plants or increase plant growth leading to enlarged colonization surfaces. VOCs are also able to enhance plant resistance against pathogens by activating phytohormone-dependent signaling pathways. In some cases, they were phytotoxic. Because the response was specific to distinct species, fungal VOCs may contribute to regulate the competition of plant communities. Additionally, VOCs are used by the producing fungus to attack rivaling fungi or bacteria, thereby protecting the emitter or its nutrient sources. In addition, animals, like springtails, nematodes, and earthworms, which are important components of the soil food web, respond to fungal VOCs. Some VOCs are effective repellents for nematodes and, therefore, have applications as biocontrol agents. In conclusion, this review shows that fungal VOCs have a huge impact on soil fauna and flora, but the underlying mechanisms, how VOCs are perceived by the recipients, how they manipulate their targets and the resulting ecological consequences of VOCs in inter-kingdom signaling is only partly understood. These knowledge gaps are left to be filled by future studies.