The All-Particle Spectrum of Primary Cosmic Rays in the Wide Energy Range from 1014 to 1017 eV Observed with the Tibet-III Air-Shower Array
The All-Particle Spectrum of Primary Cosmic Rays in the Wide Energy Range from 1014 to 1017 eV Observed with the Tibet-III Air-Shower Array
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DOI：
10.1086/529514
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发表时间：
2008-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
M. Amenomori;X. Bi;D. Chen;S. Cui;Danzengluobu;L. Ding;X. Ding;C. Fan;C. Feng;Zhaoyang F
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Amenomori;X. Bi;D. Chen;S. Cui;Danzengluobu;L. Ding;X. Ding;C. Fan;C. Feng;Zhaoyang F
我们使用位于海拔4300 m（大气深度606 g cm-2）的西藏-III空气簇射阵列从2000年11月到2004年10月收集的5.5 × 107个事件，提供了1014至1017 eV宽范围内初级宇宙线的更新全粒子能谱。尺寸谱在4PeV左右的相应初级能量处表现出尖锐的拐点。这项工作使用增加的统计数据和新的模拟计算进行分析。我们讨论了我们广泛的Monte Carlo计算和模型的依赖关系，在最终的结果中，假设相互作用模型QGSJET 01 c和SIBYLL2.1，重占主导地位（HD）和质子占主导地位（PD）的主要组成模型。纯质子和纯铁初级模型也被检查作为极端情况。还进行了探测器模拟，以提高我们在确定的空气簇射的大小和初级粒子的能量的准确性。我们证实，在各种合理的模型参数下获得的全粒子能谱彼此没有显著差异，这是考虑到高海拔实验特点的预期结果，在高海拔，膝盖周围的初级能量的空气簇射达到接近最大发展，其特征以电磁分量为主，导致对相互作用模型或主质量的弱依赖性。这是最高的统计和最好的系统控制的测量，覆盖了膝关节能量区域周围最宽的能量范围。
We present an updated all-particle energy spectrum of primary cosmic rays in a wide range from 1014 to 1017 eV using 5.5 × 107 events collected from 2000 November through 2004 October by the Tibet-III air-shower array located 4300 m above sea level (an atmospheric depth of 606 g cm−2). The size spectrum exhibits a sharp knee at a corresponding primary energy around 4 PeV. This work uses increased statistics and new simulation calculations for the analysis. We discuss our extensive Monte Carlo calculations and the model dependencies involved in the final result, assuming interaction models QGSJET01c and SIBYLL2.1, and heavy dominant (HD) and proton dominant (PD) primary composition models. Pure proton and pure iron primary models are also examined as extreme cases. A detector simulation was also performed to improve our accuracy in determining the size of the air showers and the energy of the primary particle. We confirmed that the all-particle energy spectra obtained under various plausible model parameters are not significantly different from each other, which was the expected result given the characteristics of the experiment at high altitude, where the air showers of the primary energy around the knee reach near-maximum development, with their features dominated by electromagnetic components, leading to a weak dependence on the interaction model or the primary mass. This is the highest statistical and the best systematics-controlled measurement covering the widest energy range around the knee energy region.