Responses of wheat and rice to factorial combinations of ambient and elevated CO2 and temperature in FACE experiments
Responses of wheat and rice to factorial combinations of ambient and elevated CO2 and temperature in FACE experiments
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DOI：
10.1111/gcb.13065
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发表时间：
2016-02-01
影响因子：
11.6
通讯作者：
Pan, Genxing
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Cai, Chuang;Yin, Xinyou;Pan, Genxing
二氧化碳和温度的升高强烈影响作物生产，但对作物在田间条件下对二氧化碳和温度联合升高的响应的了解仍然有限，而且数据很少。在自由空气CO2富集（FACE）系统中，小麦（Triticum aestivum L.）和水稻（Oryza sativa L.）在两种CO2水平（环境和富集浓度高达500molmol(-1)）和两种冠层温度（环境和升高1.5-2.0℃）下生长，并在两个生长季节对这两种作物进行了详细的生长和产量成分分析。在这两种作物中，二氧化碳的增加导致了更高的粮食产量，而温度的升高则降低了粮食产量。二氧化碳的增加无法弥补温度升高对小麦和水稻生物量和产量的负面影响。在CO2和温度共同作用下，小麦和水稻的产量分别下降了10-12%和17-35%。单位面积灌浆粒数是小麦和水稻在CO2和温度升高的影响下最重要的产量组成部分。我们的数据表明，处理对抽穗期、氮素吸收、分蘖、叶面积指数和辐射利用效率之间的相互作用有复杂的影响，从而对产量构成和产量产生影响。抽穗前的氮素吸收对于减少两种作物因气候变化造成的产量损失至关重要。然而，对于水稻来说，在高温条件下增加每m(2)粒数和填充粒数（或降低小穗不育性）的育种策略也需要防止全球变化条件下的减产。
Elevated CO2 and temperature strongly affect crop production, but understanding of the crop response to combined CO2 and temperature increases under field conditions is still limited while data are scarce. We grew wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and rice (Oryza sativa L.) under two levels of CO2 (ambient and enriched up to 500molmol(-1)) and two levels of canopy temperature (ambient and increased by 1.5-2.0 degrees C) in free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) systems and carried out a detailed growth and yield component analysis during two growing seasons for both crops. An increase in CO2 resulted in higher grain yield, whereas an increase in temperature reduced grain yield, in both crops. An increase in CO2 was unable to compensate for the negative impact of an increase in temperature on biomass and yield of wheat and rice. Yields of wheat and rice were decreased by 10-12% and 17-35%, respectively, under the combination of elevated CO2 and temperature. The number of filled grains per unit area was the most important yield component accounting for the effects of elevated CO2 and temperature in wheat and rice. Our data showed complex treatment effects on the interplay between preheading duration, nitrogen uptake, tillering, leaf area index, and radiation-use efficiency, and thus on yield components and yield. Nitrogen uptake before heading was crucial in minimizing yield loss due to climate change in both crops. For rice, however, a breeding strategy to increase grain number per m(2) and % filled grains (or to reduce spikelet sterility) at high temperature is also required to prevent yield reduction under conditions of global change.