Pseudoneglect in Visual Search: Behavioral Evidence and Connectional Constraints in Simulated Neural Circuitry.
Pseudoneglect in Visual Search: Behavioral Evidence and Connectional Constraints in Simulated Neural Circuitry.
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DOI：
10.1523/eneuro.0154-17.2017
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发表时间：
2017-11
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Bartolomeo P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gigliotta O;Seidel Malkinson T;Miglino O;Bartolomeo P
大多数人倾向于将水平线平分到其真实中心稍微左侧的位置（假忽略），并从左侧项目开始视觉搜索。这种生理上的左向空间偏差可能取决于注意力网络组织中的半球不对称，但确切的机制尚不清楚。在这里，我们模拟了人脑腹侧和背侧注意力网络（VAN 和 DAN）的相关方面。首先，我们在 101 名惯用右手的心理学学生中展示了视觉搜索中的假忽视。参与者始终倾向于从左侧项目开始任务，从而表现出假忽视。其次，我们使用遗传算法训练模拟神经机器人群体来执行类似的任务。神经机器人的行为由人工神经网络控制，该网络模拟人类两个大脑半球的 VAN 和 DAN。神经机器人的不同之处在于应用于注意力网络的解剖结构和功能的连接约束。结果表明：（1）神经机器人具有生物学上合理的 VAN-DAN 连接半球不对称性以及半球间抑制，表现出与人类数据的最佳匹配；然而; (2) 解剖学不对称本身不足以产生假性忽视；此外，VAN必须对同侧DAN产生兴奋性影响； (3) 在 VAN 中具有双侧能力但没有半球间抑制的神经机器人未能表现出假忽视。这些发现提供了连接不对称与假忽视之间因果关系的概念证明，并明确了导致人类行为生理不对称的重要生物学限制。
Most people tend to bisect horizontal lines slightly to the left of their true center (pseudoneglect) and start visual search from left-sided items. This physiological leftward spatial bias may depend on hemispheric asymmetries in the organization of attentional networks, but the precise mechanisms are unknown. Here, we modeled relevant aspects of the ventral and dorsal attentional networks (VAN and DAN) of the human brain. First, we demonstrated pseudoneglect in visual search in 101 right-handed psychology students. Participants consistently tended to start the task from a left-sided item, thus showing pseudoneglect. Second, we trained populations of simulated neurorobots to perform a similar task, by using a genetic algorithm. The neurorobots’ behavior was controlled by artificial neural networks, which simulated the human VAN and DAN in the two brain hemispheres. Neurorobots differed in the connectional constraints that were applied to the anatomy and function of the attention networks. Results indicated that (1) neurorobots provided with a biologically plausible hemispheric asymmetry of the VAN-DAN connections, as well as with interhemispheric inhibition, displayed the best match with human data; however; (2) anatomical asymmetry per se was not sufficient to generate pseudoneglect; in addition, the VAN must have an excitatory influence on the ipsilateral DAN; and (3) neurorobots provided with bilateral competence in the VAN but without interhemispheric inhibition failed to display pseudoneglect. These findings provide a proof of concept of the causal link between connectional asymmetries and pseudoneglect and specify important biological constraints that result in physiological asymmetries of human behavior.