Animal models of Graves’ disease and Graves’ orbitopathy
Animal models of Graves’ disease and Graves’ orbitopathy
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DOI：
10.1097/med.0000000000000186
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发表时间：
2015-10
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Y. Nagayama;Mami Nakahara;N. Abiru
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Y. Nagayama;Mami Nakahara;N. Abiru
综述目的本文的目的是总结在两种广泛使用的小鼠模型中研究的实验性格雷夫斯甲状腺功能亢进症和眼眶病的最新进展，其中涉及使用腺病毒或表达促甲状腺素受体（TSHR）作为载体的真核表达质粒的体内电穿孔进行重复基因疫苗接种。最近的研究结果通过使用不同类型的抗原改进了模型，包括全受体、受体A亚基、一种可变剪接形式的变异受体，在共域中缺乏单个富含亮氨酸的重复序列，是人类或小鼠来源的受体；不同的小鼠，如野生型、TSHR敲除型、TSHR转基因型和不同的近交系小鼠；和不同的免疫方案。它们现在不仅可用于阐明格雷夫斯甲状腺功能亢进症的致病机制，还可用于阐明格雷夫斯眼眶病的致病机制。摘要本综述总结了过去 3 年发表的格雷夫斯甲状腺功能亢进症和眼眶病小鼠模型的文献。
Purpose of reviewThe purpose of this article is to summarize the recent advances on experimental Graves’ hyperthyroidism and orbitopathy as studied in two widely used mouse models, which involve repetitive genetic vaccinations using either adenovirus or in-vivo electroporation of the eukaryotic expression plasmid expressing the thyrotropin receptor (TSHR) as a vector. Recent findingsThe models have been improved by using different types of antigens, including the holo receptor, the receptor A-subunit, an alternatively spliced form of variant receptor lacking a single leucine-rich repeat in the codomain, the receptors of human or mouse origin; different mice such as wild-type, TSHR knockout, TSHR transgenic and different inbred mice; and different immunization protocols. They are now useful for elucidating the pathogenic mechanisms of not only Graves’ hyperthyroidism but also Graves’ orbitopathy. SummaryThis review summarizes the literature of mouse models of Graves’ hyperthyroidism and orbitopathy published over the last 3 years.