VISUAL GUIDANCE OF WALKING THROUGH APERTURES - BODY-SCALED INFORMATION FOR AFFORDANCES
VISUAL GUIDANCE OF WALKING THROUGH APERTURES - BODY-SCALED INFORMATION FOR AFFORDANCES
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DOI：
10.1037/0096-1523.13.3.371
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发表时间：
1987-08-01
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
WHANG, S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
WARREN, WH;WHANG, S
视觉引导行动的一个必要条件是，有机体感知到给定的环境状况提供了什么样的行动。Warren（1984）提出，一个可供性（如楼梯的可爬性）是由环境和生物体的属性之间的匹配决定的，并且可以由最佳点和临界点来表征，在最佳点处，行动是最舒适或最有效的，而在临界点处，发生向新行动的相变。因此，感知示能性意味着感知环境与观察者自身行动系统之间的关系。本研究是这种分析的延伸，通过孔步行的视觉引导。我们拍摄了大型和小型受试者通过不同宽度的孔行走，以经验性地确定从正面行走到身体旋转过渡的临界孔肩宽比（A/S）。这些结果进行了比较，在静态和移动的观看条件下的“通过性”的感性判断。最后，我们测试了这样的假设，即此类判断是基于将孔径宽度指定为观察者眼高之比的内在或身体缩放信息。我们得出结论：（a）自由行走的临界点发生在A/S= 1.30，（B）静态单眼信息足以判断通过性，（c）在这种条件下的通过性的感知是基于身体比例的眼高信息。（PsycINFO数据库记录（c）2016阿帕，保留所有权利）
A necessary condition for visually guided action is that an organism perceive what actions are afforded by a given environmental situation. Warren (1984) proposed that an affordance such as the climbability of a stairway is determined by the fit between properties of the environment and the organism and can be characterized by optimal points, where action is most comfortable or efficient, and critical points, where a phase transition to a new action occurs. Perceiving an affordance, then, implies perceiving the relation between the environment and the observer's own action system. The present study is an extension of this analysis to the visual guidance of walking through apertures. We videotaped large and small subjects walking through apertures of different widths to determine empirically the critical aperture-to-shoulder-width ratio (A/S) marking the transition from frontal walking to body rotation. These results were compared with perceptual judgments of" passability" under static and moving viewing conditions. Finally, we tested the hypothesis that such judgments are based on intrinsic or body-scaled information specifying aperture width as a ratio of the observer's eyeheight. We conclude (a) that the critical point in free walking occurs at A/S= 1.30,(b) that static monocular information is sufficient for judging passability, and (c) that the perception of passability under such conditions is based on body-scaled eyeheight information.(PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)