R3V: Robust Round Robin VDF-based Consensus
R3V: Robust Round Robin VDF-based Consensus
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R3V：基于 VDF 的稳健循环共识
DOI：
10.1109/brains52497.2021.9569781
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
D. Gligoroski
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Mayank Raikwar;D. Gligoroski
基于权益证明（PoS）的共识提供了一种比工作量证明（PoW）共识更好的机制，可以在不浪费大量能源的情况下扩展区块链。大多数PoS共识协议派生或使用一些随机性来选举领导者候选人。这使得共识变得更弱，并吸引更多的攻击者发起不同的攻击，例如远程攻击和阻止保留攻击。在PoS共识中，拥有更多的股权，就有更多的机会在参与的利益相关者中成为领导者。因此，大多数PoS协议不能为参与共识协议的利益相关者提供更好的公平性。此外，这些协议在每个共识轮中选择领导者候选人的通信复杂性很高。在这项工作中，我们提出了一种新的共识协议“R3V”，它根据年龄以循环的方式选择一组领导者候选人。最后，这些领导者候选人通过解决基于可验证延迟函数（VDF）的谜题来竞争成为区块领导者。我们提出了不同的方法为利益相关者生成可验证的身份。这些身份被登记在区块链中，区块链提供了达成共识所需的年龄标准。与其他PoS共识协议相比，我们的协议对大多数常见的PoS协议攻击表现出更好的弹性。此外，它宣称低能耗，更少的通信复杂性和更好的公平性。
Proof of Stake (PoS) based consensus provides a better mechanism than Proof of Work (PoW) consensus for extending the blockchain without significant energy waste. Most of the PoS consensus protocols derive or use some randomness to elect a leader candidate. This makes the consensus weaker and attracts more attackers to mount different attacks, e.g., long-range attacks and block withholding attacks. In PoS consensus, having more stakes gives more chances to be a leader among participating stakeholders. Therefore, most PoS protocols do not provide better fairness for the stakeholders participating in the consensus protocol. Moreover, these protocols suffer from high communication complexity for selecting a leader candidate in each consensus round. In this work, we propose a novel consensus protocol “R3V” that selects a set of leader candidates in a round-robin manner according to age. Finally, these leader candidates compete to be the block leader by solving a Verifiable Delay Function (VDF) based puzzle. We propose different methods to generate verifiable identities for the stakeholders. The identities are enrolled in the blockchain, which provides the age norm needed for the consensus. Compared with the other PoS consensus protocols, our protocol shows better resilience against most of the common attacks on PoS protocols. Additionally, it proclaims low energy consumption, less communication complexity, and better fairness.