Globalisation and the sustainability of farmers, livestock-keepers, pastoralists and fragile habitats
Globalisation and the sustainability of farmers, livestock-keepers, pastoralists and fragile habitats
复制标题
全球化与农民、牲畜饲养者、牧民和脆弱栖息地的可持续性
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Gongbu Zhaxi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Hodges;Marc Foggin;R. Long;Gongbu Zhaxi
在世纪后半叶，工业化农业以及食物链的一体化和全球化成功地增加了食物的数量，降低了西方社会消费者的单位价格。许多政策制定者现在主张将这种工业模式扩展到发展中地区，作为到2050年养活预计96亿人口的唯一可行方法。然而，工业化农业是不可持续的，成本高昂，并破坏环境。将这种粮食生产模式推广到非洲、亚洲和拉丁美洲，将迫使数十亿人从小农场迁移到城市，包括那些管理旱地生境和其他脆弱生态系统的人，从而使这些生物多样性丰富的地区受到忽视或滥用。增加世界粮食供应的另一种方法是增强小规模农民和牧民的权能，这是各国政府在2012年原则上批准的一项政策，但迄今为止尚未得到重大实施。报告提出了现实地调整目前农业和粮食经济政策的建议，以增强这些农业生物资源的历史守护者的能力，使他们能够加强粮食安全，确保保护大片旱地和其他自然生境。
In the second half of the twentieth century, industrial agriculture together with the integration and globalisation of the food chain successfully increased the quantity of food and reduced unit prices to the consumer in Western society. Many policy-makers now advocate expansion of this industrial model into the developing regions as the only feasible way to feed the 9.6 billion people expected by 2050. However, industrial agriculture is unsustainable, costly and damages the environment. Expansion of this food production model to Africa, Asia and Latin America will force migration to the cities of several billion people from small farms, including those who manage dryland habitats and other fragile ecosystems, thus exposing these rich areas of biodiversity to neglect or abuse. The alternative way to increase world food supply is to empower small-scale farmers and pastoralists, a policy endorsed in principle by governments in 2012 but lacking major implementation to date. Proposals are made for realistically redressing current economic policies for agriculture and food to empower these historic guardians of agro-bioresources so that they may increase food security and ensure the conservation of vast areas of dryland and other natural habitats.