A multiple knowledge approach for adaptation to environmental change: lessons learned from coastal Louisiana's tribal communities
A multiple knowledge approach for adaptation to environmental change: lessons learned from coastal Louisiana's tribal communities
复制标题
适应环境变化的多种知识方法：路易斯安那州沿海部落社区的经验教训
DOI：
10.2458/v21i1.21125
复制
发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
J. Maldonado
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Maldonado
海平面上升等环境变化正在迫使世界各地的社区流离失所。强迫流离失所、解决搬迁问题的治理机制不足以及基于经济的适应和恢复努力，正在给受影响的人民和社区带来毁灭性的社会、文化、健康和经济后果。本文重点介绍路易斯安那州沿海的三个部落社区，这些社区正在经历快速的环境变化，并因历史歧视过程、石油和大坝相关开发项目、石油灾害、飓风风险增加以及相对海平面上升而面临流离失所的风险。本文件着重于社区经历环境变化的政治生态，包括流离失所的影响和留在原地与搬迁的决定，讨论了适应性治理结构和政策影响等更广泛的问题。基于Bronen（2011）基于权利的适应方法和Shearer（2012）适应政治生态的方法，我认为应该建立治理结构，支持社区的就地适应努力，或者，如果社区决定其当前位置不再适合居住，以协助社区主导的搬迁工作。应将多种形式的知识纳入支持适应进程的结构，并为这些结构提供信息。我强调的社会，政治，环境和经济背景下，环境变化正在发生在沿海路易斯安那州通过讨论公地的损失，建立一个能源牺牲区，成本效益为基础的恢复工作和被迫流离失所和搬迁。关键词：环境变化，迁移，搬迁，适应
Environmental changes, such as sea level rise, are forcibly displacing communities around the world. Forced displacement, inadequate governance mechanisms to address relocation and economic-based adaptation and restoration efforts are leading to devastating social, cultural, health, and economic consequences for the people and communities affected. This article focuses on three tribal communities in coastal Louisiana that are experiencing rapid environmental change and risk of displacement due to historical discriminatory processes, oil and dam-related development projects, oil disasters, increased exposure to hurricanes, and relative sea level rise. Focusing on the political ecology of the communities' experiences of environmental change, including the impacts of displacement and decisions to stay in-place vs. relocate, this paper addresses broader issues of adaptive governance structures and policy implications. Building on Bronen's (2011) rights-based approach to adaptation and Shearer's (2012) approach to a political ecology of adaptation, I argue that governance structures should be put in place that support communities' in-situ adaptation efforts or, if the community decides its current location is no longer inhabitable, to assist community-led relocation efforts. Multiple forms of knowledge should be incorporated into and should inform the structures supporting the adaptation process. I highlight the social, political, environmental and economic context within which environmental changes are occurring in coastal Louisiana through discussion on the loss of the commons, the creation of an energy sacrifice zone, costbenefit based restoration efforts and forced displacement and relocation. Key words: Environmental change, displacement, relocation, adaptation