Development, Freedom, and Rising Happiness A Global Perspective (1981-2007)
Development, Freedom, and Rising Happiness A Global Perspective (1981-2007)
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1745-6924.2008.00078.x
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发表时间：
2008-07-01
影响因子：
12.6
通讯作者：
Welzel, Christian
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Inglehart, Ronald;Foa, Roberto;Welzel, Christian
直到最近，人们普遍认为幸福感会在设定值附近波动，因此个人和社会都无法持久地增加他们的幸福感。尽管最近的研究表明，有些人的幸福水平会持续高于或低于设定点，但这并不能驳斥整个社会的幸福水平保持不变的观点。然而，我们的文章对这一观点提出了质疑：1981 年至 2007 年进行的代表性全国调查数据显示，在可获得大量时间序列数据的 52 个国家中，有 45 个国家的幸福感有所上升。回归分析表明，社会允许自由选择的程度对幸福感有重大影响。自 1981 年以来，经济发展、民主化和社会宽容度的提高提高了人们对自由选择的认知程度，这反过来又导致世界各地的幸福水平提高，正如人类发展模式所表明的那样。
Until recently, it was widely held that happiness fluctuates around set points, so that neither individuals nor societies can lastingly increase their happiness. Even though recent research showed that some individuals move enduringly above or below their set points, this does not refute the idea that the happiness levels of entire societies remain fixed. Our article, however, challenges this idea: Data from representative national surveys carried out from 1981 to 2007 show that happiness rose in 45 of the 52 countries for which substantial time-series data were available. Regression analyses suggest that that the extent to which a society allows free choice has a major impact on happiness. Since 1981, economic development, democratization, and increasing social tolerance have increased the extent to which people perceive that they have free choice, which in turn has led to higher levels of happiness around the world, as the human development model suggests.