Decoding the noncoding genome via large-scale CRISPR screens.

Decoding the noncoding genome via large-scale CRISPR screens.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.gde.2018.06.001
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发表时间:
2018-10
影响因子:
4
通讯作者:
Huangfu D
Huangfu D
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Shukla A;Huangfu D

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人类基因组的大部分含有功能性非编码元件,这些元件可以调节各种生物过程,并对疾病风险和治疗结果具有重要意义。然而,为非编码序列分配特定功能仍然是一个重大挑战。重复的规则间隔短回文重复序列(CRISPR)-CRISPR相关蛋白(Cas)系统已经成为靶向基因组和表观基因组扰动的有力方法。CRISPR系统现在被用于非编码基因组的高通量筛选,以发现功能性调控元件,并以上级速度定义其精确功能。在这里,我们总结了在哺乳动物系统中为这种筛选开发的各种工具,讨论了筛选方法和技术考虑因素,强调了已经改变我们对基因调控和疾病机制的理解的筛选,考虑了这些发现对新疗法开发的影响,并提供了我们对该领域未来发展挑战的观点。
Large portions of the human genome harbor functional noncoding elements, which can regulate a variety of biological processes and have important implications for disease risk and therapeutic outcomes. However, assigning specific functions to noncoding sequences remains a major challenge. Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)-CRISPR-associated protein (Cas) systems have emerged as a powerful approach for targeted genome and epigenome perturbation. CRISPR systems are now harnessed for high-throughput screening of the noncoding genome to uncover functional regulatory elements and to define their precise functions with superior speed. Here, we summarize the various tools developed for such screens in mammalian systems, discuss screening methods and technical considerations, highlight screens that are already transforming our understanding of gene regulation and disease mechanisms, consider the impact of such discoveries on the development of new therapeutics, and provide our viewpoint on the challenges for future development of the field.
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