Interrupting poliovirus transmission - New solutions to an old problem
Interrupting poliovirus transmission - New solutions to an old problem
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DOI：
10.1016/j.biologicals.2006.02.012
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发表时间：
2006-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Maher, Chris
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Aylward, R. Bruce;Maher, Chris
自1988年发起全球根除脊髓灰质炎行动以来，特别是在2000-2005年期间，人们对传播的脊髓灰质炎病毒的性质以及阻断传播所面临的挑战的了解大大增加。然而，到2006年1月，标准脊髓灰质炎根除战略的系统应用，加上最近的改进，已经将本土野生脊髓灰质炎病毒正在传播的国家数量减少到只有四个（尼日利亚、印度、巴基斯坦和阿富汗），这是历史上最低的。此外，在2003-2005年再次感染野生脊髓灰质炎病毒的22个地区中，只有8个地区仍需要大规模的“扫荡”活动，正在迅速处理流行的疫苗衍生脊髓灰质炎病毒（cVDPV）疫情。尽管全球消除脊髓灰质炎行动计划后期出现了新的挑战，但这一进展得到了一系列解决方案的极大促进，其中包括两种新的单价口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗（mOPV），脊髓灰质炎疫情应对的新的和强有力的国际标准，以及剩余受感染国家重新作出的政治承诺。(c)2006年由Elsevier Ltd代表国际生物制品协会出版。
Since the launch of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) in 1988, knowledge as to the nature of circulating polioviruses and the challenges to their interruption has increased tremendously, particularly during the period 2000-2005. By January 2006, however, the systematic application of the standard polio eradication strategies, combined with recent refinements, had reduced the number of countries with ongoing transmission of indigenous wild polioviruses to just four (Nigeria, India, Pakistan, and Afghanistan), the lowest ever in history. In addition, only 8 of the 22 areas that had been re-infected by wild poliovirus in 2003-2005 still required large-scale 'mop-up' activities and circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus (cVDPV) outbreaks were being readily addressed. This progress, despite new challenges late in the GPEI, was greatly facilitated by a range of solutions that included two new monovalent oral polio vaccines (mOPVs), new and robust international standards for polio outbreak response, and renewed political commitment across the remaining infected countries. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The International Association for Biologicals.