Killing horizons decohere quantum superpositions
Killing horizons decohere quantum superpositions
复制标题
杀视界退相干量子叠加
作者：
Daine L. Danielson;Gautam Satishchandran;R. Wald
我们最近表明，如果一个大质量（或带电）物体被置于量子空间叠加态中，仅仅在其附近存在一个黑洞，最终就会使叠加态退相干。在本文中，我们表明，更一般地说，退相干的平稳叠加将发生在任何时空与Killing视界。发生这种情况是因为，实际上，远程领域的机构注册的Killing视界，我们表明，需要通过视界的“软视界引力子/光子”的流量。因此，Killing视界获得了量子叠加的“哪条路径“信息，并将在有限时间内对任何量子叠加进行退相干。分析平坦时空中量子叠加态中匀加速物体的情况特别有指导意义。正如我们所展示的，从林德勒的角度来看，叠加是由“软引力子/光子”消相干的，这些引力子/光子以可忽略的（林德勒）能量通过林德勒视界传播。我们发现，这种退相干效应是不同的-和大于-的退相干Unruh辐射的存在下产生的。我们进一步表明，从惯性的角度来看，退相干是由于高频（惯性）引力子/光子的辐射到零无穷大。(The通过Rindler视界传播的引力子/光子的概念与传播到零无限的引力子/光子的概念相同。我们还分析了空间叠加的退相干，由于宇宙视界的存在，德西特时空。我们提供的退相干时间的估计，这样的量子叠加在林德勒和宇宙学的情况下。虽然我们明确地处理了时空维度d=4的情况，但我们的分析适用于任何维度d \geq 4。
We recently showed that if a massive (or charged) body is put in a quantum spatial superposition, the mere presence of a black hole in its vicinity will eventually decohere the superposition. In this paper we show that, more generally, decoherence of stationary superpositions will occur in any spacetime with a Killing horizon. This occurs because, in effect, the long-range field of the body is registered on the Killing horizon which, we show, necessitates a flux of"soft horizon gravitons/photons"through the horizon. The Killing horizon thereby harvests"which path"information of quantum superpositions and will decohere any quantum superposition in a finite time. It is particularly instructive to analyze the case of a uniformly accelerating body in a quantum superposition in flat spacetime. As we show, from the Rindler perspective the superposition is decohered by"soft gravitons/photons"that propagate through the Rindler horizon with negligible (Rindler) energy. We show that this decoherence effect is distinct from--and larger than--the decoherence resulting from the presence of Unruh radiation. We further show that from the inertial perspective, the decoherence is due to the radiation of high frequency (inertial) gravitons/photons to null infinity. (The notion of gravitons/photons that propagate through the Rindler horizon is the same notion as that of gravitons/photons that propagate to null infinity.) We also analyze the decoherence of a spatial superposition due to the presence of a cosmological horizon in de Sitter spacetime. We provide estimates of the decoherence time for such quantum superpositions in both the Rindler and cosmological cases. Although we explicitly treat the case of spacetime dimension $d=4$, our analysis applies to any dimension $d \geq 4$.
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