Liberation of histamine and formation of lysocithin‐like substances by cobra venom
Liberation of histamine and formation of lysocithin‐like substances by cobra venom
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眼镜蛇毒液释放组胺并形成溶血素样物质
DOI：
10.1113/jphysiol.1938.sp003674
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发表时间：
1938
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
C. Kellaway
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
W. Feldberg;C. Kellaway
我们最近的研究[1937]表明眼镜蛇毒液能使猫和豚鼠的灌注肺释放出组胺。本论文报道的实验涉及从其他动物的肝脏和肺部释放组胺，以及可能产生这种效果的方式。眼镜蛇毒液的作用之一是引起溶血；这不是毒液对红血球的直接作用，而是它对卵磷脂的作用。Kyes[1904]在Ehrlich的实验室中发现，如果眼镜蛇毒液与卵磷脂接触，就会产生一种溶血物质。Delezenne & Fourneau[1914]表明这种物质是卵磷脂的衍生物。眼镜蛇的毒液含有一种卵磷脂酶，它能从卵磷脂中分离出油酸。剩下的lysocithin具有强大的溶血作用。似乎可以想象的是，除了溶血作用外，lysocithin的形成可能解释了毒液的作用，并且它在组织中的形成可能使细胞对组胺具有渗透性。尽管这一理论迄今尚未以这种形式提出，但Belfanti[1925, 1928]、Guerrini[1925]和Houssay及其同事[Houssay， 1930]的观察表明，lysocithin的形成可能在蛇毒中毒的症状学中起主导作用。他们表明，将lysocithin注射到动物体内，在某些方面引起的症状与蛇毒引起的症状相似。另一方面，Belfanti关于蛇毒对由不同器官制成的乳剂的作用的结果似乎排除了在所有测试组织（心脏，肝脏，肾脏，1，由国家卫生和医学研究委员会资助，Common）中形成的lysociin。澳大利亚的财富。
WE have recently shown [1937a] that cobra venom causes the release of histamine from perfused lungs of cats and guinea-pigs. The experiments reported in the present paper concern the liberation of histamine from liver and lungs of other animals and the manner in which this effect may be produced. One of the actions of cobra venom is to cause haemolysis; this is not a direct effect of the venom on the red blood corpuscle but results from its action on lecithin. Kyes [1904] in Ehrlich's laboratory found that if cobra venom is brought into contact with lecithin a haemolytic substance is produced. Delezenne & Fourneau [1914] showed that this substance is a derivative of lecithin. The cobra venom contains a lecithinase which splits off oleic acid from lecithin. The resulting rest, lysocithin, is powerfully haemolytic. It appeared conceivable that the formation of lysocithin might account for effects of the venom, other than haemolysis and that its formation in the tissues might make the cells permeable to their histamine. Although this theory has not hitherto been put forward in this form, observations of Belfanti [1925, 1928], Guerrini [1925] and Houssay and his co-workers [Houssay, 1930] suggest that the formation of lysocithin may play a dominant role in the symptomatology of snake venom poisoning. They showed that the injection of lysocithin into animals caused symptoms resembling in some respects those caused by snake venoms. On the other hand, Belfanti's results on the action of snake venoms on emulsions made from different organs seemed to exclude the formation of lysocithin in all the tissues tested (heart, liver, kidney, 1 Aided by a grant from the National Health and Medical Research Council, Common. wealth of Australia.