Cocaine Exposure and Children's Self-Regulation: Indirect Association via Maternal Harshness.
Cocaine Exposure and Children's Self-Regulation: Indirect Association via Maternal Harshness.
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DOI：
10.3389/fpsyt.2011.00031
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发表时间：
2011
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Johns JM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Eiden RD;Schuetze P;Veira Y;Cox E;Jarrett TM;Johns JM
目的：本研究探讨了产前可卡因暴露与儿童3岁时自我调节之间的关系。除了产前可卡因暴露对儿童自我调节的直接影响外，我们假设可卡因暴露和自我调节之间存在间接关联，通过母亲更严厉和婴儿期自主调节不良。方法：样本包括216名当地医院分娩的母婴配对（116名可卡因暴露者，100名非暴露者）。婴儿自主调节在7个月大的愤怒/沮丧的任务，母亲的苛刻的编码从观察2岁的母亲-幼儿的相互作用，和儿童的自我调节，在3岁时，使用几个实验室的范例进行测量。结果：与假设相反，母亲在怀孕期间使用可卡因与儿童的自我调节之间没有直接联系。然而，从测试我们的概念模型，包括通过母亲的苛刻或婴儿副交感神经调节的间接影响的结果表明，该模型拟合数据良好，χ2（23）= 34.36，p > 0.05，比较拟合指数= 0.95，RMSEA = 0.05。在幼儿2岁时，在各种任务的实验室互动中，使用COBLEND的母亲对幼儿表现出更高的严厉程度（β = 0.23，p < 0.05），2岁时更高的严厉程度预示着3岁时更低的自我调节（β =-0.36，p < 0.01）。母亲使用可卡因也可预测从基线到负性情感任务的呼吸性窦性心律失常（RSA）的非适应性增加，但婴儿期RSA的变化不能预测3岁时的自我调节。结论：结果是支持的动物模型，表明可卡因治疗的母鼠之间的侵略性较高，并表明，较高的母亲严厉可卡因使用的母亲是预测儿童自我调节的结果在学龄前时期。
Objectives: This study examined the association between prenatal cocaine exposure and children’s self-regulation at 3 years of child age. In addition to direct effects of prenatal cocaine exposure on children’s self-regulation, we hypothesized there would be indirect associations between cocaine exposure and self-regulation via higher maternal harshness and poor autonomic regulation in infancy. Methods: The sample consisted of 216 mother–infant dyads recruited at delivery from local area hospitals (116 cocaine-exposed, 100 non-exposed). Infant autonomic regulation was measured at 7 months of age during an anger/frustration task, maternal harshness was coded from observations of mother–toddler interactions at 2 years of age, and children’s self-regulation was measured at 3 years of age using several laboratory paradigms. Results: Contrary to hypotheses, there were no direct associations between maternal cocaine use during pregnancy and children’s self-regulation. However, results from testing our conceptual model including the indirect effects via maternal harshness or infant parasympathetic regulation indicated that this model fit the data well, χ2 (23) = 34.36, p > 0.05, Comparative Fit Index = 0.95, RMSEA = 0.05. Cocaine using mothers displayed higher intensity of harshness toward their toddlers during lab interactions across a variety of tasks at 2 years of age (β = 0.23, p < 0.05), and higher intensity of harshness at 2 years was predictive of lower self-regulation at 3 years (β = −0.36, p < 0.01). Maternal cocaine use was also predictive of a non-adaptive increase in respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) from baseline to the negative affect task, but RSA change in infancy was not predictive of self-regulation at 3 years. Conclusion: Results are supportive of animal models indicating higher aggression among cocaine treated dams, and indicate that higher maternal harshness among cocaine using mothers is predictive of child self-regulatory outcomes in the preschool period.