Restoration of tropical moist forests on bauxite-mined lands in the Brazilian Amazon
Restoration of tropical moist forests on bauxite-mined lands in the Brazilian Amazon
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DOI：
10.1046/j.1526-100x.1999.72001.x
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发表时间：
1999-06-01
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Knowles, OH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Parrotta, JA;Knowles, OH
在巴西Trombetas （Para）的一个铝土矿矿区，采用四种不同的造林技术，在初始立地准备和表土置换后，对9至13年树龄的林分进行了森林结构和组成评估。这些技术包括依赖自然森林更新，主要是外来木材树种的混合商业树种种植，主要是本地早期演替树种的直接播种，以及超过70种树种的混合本地树种种植（目前在该地点进行的恢复处理）。利用不同处理和未受干扰原生林的重复固定半径样地，量化了林下结构和维管植物物种的丰度和多样性。处理比较考虑了所有植物区系的更新密度、物种丰富度和多样性，以及乔灌木初始种植的相对贡献；随后从土壤种子库和附近原始森林的种子投入中再生。除混合商业树种林分在树基底面积发育方面优于其他林分，但物种丰富度相对较差外，所有处理均具有结构和区系多样性，长期恢复成功率高。其中，由于不同演替阶段或预期寿命的更广泛的树种占主导地位，混合本地树种的演替风险最低。在所有处理中，由于初始种植成活率差和周围原始森林的种子传播限制，一些当地重要的原始森林树木（番荔枝科、金菊科、樟科、棕榈科和仙人掌科）的代表性明显不足。
We evaluated forest structure and composition in 9- to 13-year-old stands established on a bauxite-mined site at Trombetas (Para), Brazil, using four different reforestation techniques following initial site preparation and topsoil replacement. These techniques included reliance on natural forest regeneration, mixed commercial species plantings of mostly exotic timber trees, direct seeding with mostly native early successional tree species, and mixed native species plantings of more than 70 tree species (the current operational restoration treatment at this site). Replicated fixed-radius plots in each treatment and in undisturbed primary forest were used to quantify the canopy and understory structure and the abundance and diversity of all vascular plant species. Treatment comparisons considered regeneration density, species richness and diversity for all floristic categories, and, for trees and shrubs, the relative contribution of initial planting; and subsequent regeneration from soil seed banks and seed inputs from nearby primary forests. With the possible exception of the stands of mixed commercial species, which were superior to all others in terms of tree basal-area development but relatively poor in species richness, all treatments were structurally and: floristically diverse, with a high probability of long-term restoration success. Of these, the mixed native species plantings appeared to be at least risk of ar rested succession due to the dominance of a broader range of tree species of different successional stages or expected life spans. In all treatments, several locally important families of primary forest trees (Annonaceae, Chrysobalanaceae, Lauraceae, Palmae and Sapotaceae) were markedly underrepresented due to a combination of poor survival of initial plantings and limitations on seed dispersal from the surrounding primary forest.