Serum concentrations and analgesic effects of liposome-encapsulated and standard butorphanol tartrate in parrots
Serum concentrations and analgesic effects of liposome-encapsulated and standard butorphanol tartrate in parrots
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DOI：
10.2460/ajvr.67.5.775
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发表时间：
2006-05-01
影响因子：
1
通讯作者：
Paul-Murphy, J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sladky, KK;Krugner-Higby, L;Paul-Murphy, J
目的：比较脂质体包封酒石酸丁托酚（LEBT）和标准酒石酸丁托酚（STDBT）分别给药后的血清浓度，并评价LEBT和STDBT对西班牙鹦鹉肠外给药后的镇痛效果。动物——11只成年伊斯帕尼奥拉鹦鹉。程序：LEBT延长鸟类镇痛持续时间的能力进行了测试。在SC给药LEBT （10 mg/kg或15 mg/kg）或IM给药STDBT （5 mg/kg）后的连续时间点采集血样。酒石酸丁托啡诺的血清浓度通过使用商业免疫分析法测定母体药物和代谢物来测定。对暴露于电刺激和热刺激下的鹦鹉进行了镇痛效果评估。在LEBT （15 mg/kg）、脂质体、STDBT （2 mg/kg）或生理盐水（0.9% NaCl）溶液给药后，在基线和连续时间点记录足部戒断阈值。结果：lebt体内释放时间延长至5天。注射STDBT后24小时血清布托啡诺和布托啡诺代谢物浓度可忽略不计。通过对有害热刺激和电刺激的足部戒断阈值测量，LEBT的镇痛效果在注射STDBT后持续3至5天。结论和临床意义：sc给药可使伊斯帕尼奥兰鹦鹉镇痛，并可检测血清丁托啡诺浓度达5天。LEBT的使用可以大大改善长期的疼痛缓解，而不会使鸟类受到处理和多次每日注射的压力。
Objective-To compare serum concentrations of liposome-encapsulated butorphanol tartrate (LEBT) and standard butorphanol tartrate (STDBT) following SC and IM administration, respectively, and to evaluate analgesic effects of LEBT and STDBT after parenteral administration to Hispaniolan parrots.Animals-11 adult Hispaniolan parrots.Procedure-The ability of LEBT to prolong the duration of analgesia in an avian species was tested. Blood samples were collected at serial time points after SC administration of LEBT (10 mg/kg or 15 mg/kg) or IM administration of STDBT (5 mg/kg). Serum concentrations of butorphanol tartrate were determined by use of a commercial immunoassay that measured parent drug and metabolites. Analgesic efficacy was evaluated in parrots exposed to electrical and thermal stimuli. Foot withdrawal thresholds were recorded at baseline and at serial time points after LEBT (15 mg/kg), liposome vehicle, STDBT (2 mg/kg), or physiologic saline (0.9% NaCl) solution administration.Results-LEBT had a prolonged in vivo release for up to 5 days. Negligible serum butorphanol and butorphanol metabolite concentrations were obtained at 24 hours after IM administration of STDBT Analgesic efficacy of LEBT as measured by foot withdrawal threshold to noxious thermal and electrical stimuli persisted for 3 to 5 days following SC administration of LEBT.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-SC administration of LEBT provided analgesia and detectable serum butorphanol concentrations in Hispaniolan parrots for up to 5 days. The use of LEBT may allow for substantial improvement in long-term pain relief without subjecting birds to the stress of handling and multiple daily injections.