Applying Behavioral Economics and Neuroeconomics to Medical Education and Clinical Care
Applying Behavioral Economics and Neuroeconomics to Medical Education and Clinical Care
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将行为经济学和神经经济学应用于医学教育和临床护理
DOI：
10.1017/cjn.2018.371
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
G. Saposnik
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
G. Saposnik
行为经济学（BE）研究心理，认知，情感和社会因素对个人和机构经济决策的影响。神经经济学-也被称为决策神经科学-是一门研究大脑如何支持经济和其他决策的科学。在过去的几年里，一些研究人员将BE和神经经济学的概念应用于临床护理，并获得了新的见解。几项研究显示了认知偏差（如过度自信、现状、结果偏差等）的影响。和风险偏好（例如，对模糊性的厌恶，对不确定性的容忍度等）在临床护理中。这可能与医生在决策和风险管理方面的正规培训有限有关。大多数医学院的课程中不包括决策和风险管理课程。这两个关键主题的医学教育（通常由医生在日常临床实践中面临）是未来医生培训的关键，他们将对他人（例如他们的病人）做出合理和复杂的决定。
Behavioral economics (BE) studies the effects of psychological, cognitive, emotional, and social factors on the economic decisions of individuals and institutions. Neuroeconomics—also called decision neuroscience—is the science that studies the principles of how the brain underpins economic and other decisions. In the last few years, some researchers have applied concepts from BE and neuroeconomics to clinical care and gained novel insights. Several studies showed the impact of cognitive biases (e.g. overconfidence, status quo, outcome bias, etc.) and risk preferences (e.g. aversion to ambiguity, tolerance to uncertainty, etc.) in clinical care. This is likely related to physicians’ limited education in decision-making and formal training in risk management. Most medical schools do not include decisionmaking and risk management courses in their curriculums. Medical education in these two crucial topics (commonly faced by physicians in their routine clinical practice) is key for the training of future physicians who would be making rationale and complex decisions about others (e.g. their patients).