Activation by marginally perceptible ("subliminal") stimuli: dissociation of unconscious from conscious cognition.
Activation by marginally perceptible ("subliminal") stimuli: dissociation of unconscious from conscious cognition.
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由边缘可感知（“潜意识”）刺激激活：无意识与有意识认知的分离。
DOI：
10.1037//0096-3445.124.1.22
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发表时间：
1995
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Schuh,ES
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Greenwald,AG;Klinger,MR;Schuh,ES
介绍了一种研究潜意识认知的线性回归方法。在20个实验(总N=2,026)中，对被同时分词掩蔽的词进行了间接效应(语义启动)和直接效应(知觉识别)的评估。当间接效应和直接效应的测量都有合理的零点时，间接-直接效应回归中有统计学意义的截距表明：(A)间接效应在没有直接效应的情况下发生，以及(B)涉及无意识认知。对于职位辨别任务，非评价性决策任务，间接-直接回归表现出显著的拦截效应。尽管规模很小，但这种拦截效应提供了迄今在统计上最可靠的发现，即人们热衷于寻找和有争议的数据模式--没有直接影响的间接效应。通过一个附加的假设(这对目前的数据来说似乎是合理的)，这个模式表明无意识认知与意识认知是分离的(即，与意识认知分开发生)。
Introduces a linear regression method for investigating unconscious cognition. For words that were obscured by simultaneous dichoptic masking, indirect effects (semantic priming) and direct effects (perceptual identification) were assessed in 20 experiments (total N= 2,026). When measures of both indirect and direct effects have rational zero points, a statistically significant intercept in the indirect-on-direct-measure regression shows that (a) the indirect effect occurred in the absence of the direct effect, and (b) unconscious cognition is involved. For a position discrimination task, but not for an evaluative decision task, indirect-on-direct regression showed the significant intercept effect. Although small in magnitude, this intercept effect provides the statistically most secure finding yet obtained of a much-sought and controversial data pattern—indirect effect with no direct effect. With one added assumption (which appears plausible for the present data), this pattern indicates that unconscious cognition is dissociated from (ie, occurs separately from) conscious cognition.