Monocrystalline spinel nanotube fabrication based on the Kirkendall effect
Monocrystalline spinel nanotube fabrication based on the Kirkendall effect
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DOI：
10.1038/nmat1673
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发表时间：
2006-08-01
期刊：
影响因子：
41.2
通讯作者：
Goesele, Ulrich
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fan, Hong Jin;Knez, Mato;Goesele, Ulrich
人们对制备中空纳米晶体作为高效催化剂或药物递送剂的潜在应用方法有着浓厚的兴趣。管状一维纳米晶体已经被制备用于各种各样的材料，包括半导体（1，2），金属（3，4），铁电体（5，6）和磁铁矿（7）。它们可以通过卷起层状材料或通过以卷起形式轴向生长（8-10）、在模板中涂覆孔（11）或通过消除核-壳纳米线的核（1，7）来制备。Kirkendall效应是冶金学中的经典现象（12），最近被用于解释中空球形纳米晶体的形成（13-17）。虽然实验证明和理论处理主要涉及二元化合物和平面界面或纳米级球形界面，但Kirkendall效应提供的制造路线应该是通用的，并且应该也适用于高纵横比中空圆柱体（即纳米管）甚至更复杂的超结构。在这封信中，我们报告，为第一次，在超长单晶ZnAl 2 O 4尖晶石纳米管（总直径：类似于40 nm，壁厚：类似于10 nm）制造通过尖晶石形成的界面固态反应的核-壳ZnO-Al 2 O3纳米线涉及Kirkendall效应。我们的研究结果同时代表了应用Kirkendall效应制造中空纳米物体从零维多维，从二元到三元系统的延伸。
There is a deep interest in methods to fabricate hollow nanocrystals for potential application as high-efficiency catalysts or drug-delivery agents. Tubular one-dimensional nanocrystals have been prepared for a wide variety of materials, including semiconductors(1,2), metals(3,4), ferroelectrics(5,6) and magnetite(7). They can be produced by rolling up layered materials or via an axial growth in a rolled-up form(8-10), coating pores in templates(11) or by eliminating the core of a core-shell nanowire(1,7). The Kirkendall effect, a classical phenomenon in metallurgy(12), was recently applied to explain the formation of hollow spherical nanocrystals(13-17). Although the experimental demonstration and theoretical treatment mainly concern binary compounds and planar interfaces or nanoscale spherical interfaces, the fabrication route provided by the Kirkendall effect should be generic, and should also work for high-aspect-ratio hollow cylinders ( that is, nanotubes) or even more complex superstructures. In this letter, we report, for the first time, on ultra-long single-crystal ZnAl2O4 spinel nanotubes ( total diameter: similar to 40 nm, wall thickness: similar to 10 nm) fabricated through a spinel-forming interfacial solid-state reaction of core-shell ZnO-Al2O3 nanowires involving the Kirkendall effect. Our results simultaneously represent an extension of applying the Kirkendall effect in fabricating hollow nano-objects from zero-dimensional to multidimensional, and from binary to ternary systems.