Analyzing Third Party Service Dependencies in Modern Web Services: Have We Learned from the Mirai-Dyn Incident?

Analyzing Third Party Service Dependencies in Modern Web Services: Have We Learned from the Mirai-Dyn Incident?
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分析现代 Web 服务中的第三方服务依赖性:我们从 Mirai-Dyn 事件中吸取了教训吗?

DOI:
10.1145/3419394.3423664
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发表时间:
2020
期刊:
Internet Measurement Conference (IMC
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Agarwal, Yuvraj
Agarwal, Yuvraj
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Kashaf, Aqsa;Sekar, Vyas;Agarwal, Yuvraj

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许多网站的服务依赖于第三方(例如,域名、CDN等)。然而,它也使它们面临来自攻击(例如Mirai DDoS攻击[24])或级联故障(例如GlobalSign撤销错误[21])的共同风险。在这类事件的激励下,我们分析了第三方依赖的流行程度和影响,重点讨论了三种关键基础设施服务:DNS、CDN和CA进行的证书吊销检查。我们分析直接依赖关系(例如,Twitter使用Dyn)和间接依赖关系(例如,Netflix使用赛门铁克作为CA,后者使用Verisign作为域名系统)。我们还在2016年和2020年拍摄了两张快照,以了解依赖关系是如何演变的。我们的主要发现是:(1)Alexa TOP-100K网站中有89%严重依赖第三方DNS、CDN或CA提供商,即如果这些提供商倒闭,这些网站可能遭受服务中断;(2)第三方服务的使用集中,CDN、DNS或CA服务的前3名提供商可能会影响50%-70%的TOP-100K网站;(3)间接依赖将流行的CDN和DNS提供商的影响放大高达25倍;以及(4)2016至2020年间,一些第三方依赖和集中度略有增加。基于我们的发现,我们得出了对网络生态系统中不同利益相关者的关键影响。
Many websites rely on third parties for services (e.g., DNS, CDN, etc.). However, it also exposes them to shared risks from attacks (e.g., Mirai DDoS attack [24]) or cascading failures (e.g., GlobalSign revocation error [21]). Motivated by such incidents, we analyze the prevalence and impact of third-party dependencies, focusing on three critical infrastructure services: DNS, CDN, and certificate revocation checking by CA. We analyze both direct (e.g., Twitter uses Dyn) and indirect (e.g., Netflix uses Symantec as CA which uses Verisign for DNS) dependencies. We also take two snapshots in 2016 and 2020 to understand how the dependencies evolved. Our key findings are: (1) 89% of the Alexa top-100K websites critically depend on third-party DNS, CDN, or CA providers i.e., if these providers go down, these websites could suffer service disruption; (2) the use of third-party services is concentrated, and the top-3 providers of CDN, DNS, or CA services can affect 50%-70% of the top-100K websites; (3) indirect dependencies amplify the impact of popular CDN and DNS providers by up to 25X; and (4) some third-party dependencies and concentration increased marginally between 2016 to 2020. Based on our findings, we derive key implications for different stakeholders in the web ecosystem.
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