Inferred threat and safety: Symbolic generalization of human avoidance learning
Inferred threat and safety: Symbolic generalization of human avoidance learning
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DOI：
10.1016/j.brat.2011.06.007
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发表时间：
2011-10-01
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Davies, Cara
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dymond, Simon;Schlund, Michael W.;Davies, Cara
回避的象征性概括可能是焦虑症的病因和维持的基础。本研究的目的是证明在存在与习得的威胁和安全线索间接相关的刺激时发生的推断的威胁回避和安全(非回避)行为。实验涉及三个物理上不同的刺激(回避线索：AV1-AV2-AV3和中性线索：N1-N2-N3)组成的两个象征性刺激等值关系。在涉及厌恶图像和声音的回避学习过程中，对其中一个关系(AV2)的一个成员进行了按键回避反应训练，对另一个关系(N2)进行了非回避反应的训练。通过呈现所有剩余的刺激来测试推断的威胁和安全行为以及对厌恶事件可能性的评级。研究结果显示，对习得和推断的威胁线索的回避比例显著较高，而对习得和推断的安全线索的回避比例较低。在没有回避的情况下，对威胁线索的训练和测试的得分较高，对安全线索的得分较低，而在存在回避的情况下，得分一般较低。对回避的联想和行为描述以及焦虑症的现代治疗方法的含义进行了讨论。(C)2011爱思唯尔有限公司。保留所有权利。
Symbolic generalization of avoidance may underlie the aetiology and maintenance of anxiety disorders. The aim of the present study was to demonstrate inferred threat-avoidance and safety (non-avoidance) behaviours that occur in the presence of stimuli indirectly related to learned threat and safety cues. A laboratory experiment was conducted involving two symbolic stimulus equivalence relations consisting of three physically dissimilar stimuli (avoidance cues: AV1-AV2-AV3 and neutral cues: N1-N2-N3). During avoidance learning involving aversive images and sounds, a key-press avoidance response was trained for one member of one of the relations (AV2) and non-avoidance for another (N2). Inferred threat and safety behaviour and ratings of the likelihood of aversive events were tested with presentations of all remaining stimuli. Findings showed a significantly high percentage of avoidance to both the learned and inferred threat cues and less avoidance to both the learned and inferred safety cues. Ratings in the absence of avoidance were high during training and testing to threat cues and low to safety cues and were generally lower in the presence of avoidance. Implications for associative and behavioural accounts of avoidance, and modern therapies for anxiety disorders are discussed. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.