THE TROPHIC ECOLOGY OF FRESHWATER GAMMARUS SPP. (CRUSTACEA:AMPHIPODA): PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES CONCERNING THE FUNCTIONAL FEEDING GROUP CONCEPT
THE TROPHIC ECOLOGY OF FRESHWATER GAMMARUS SPP. (CRUSTACEA:AMPHIPODA): PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES CONCERNING THE FUNCTIONAL FEEDING GROUP CONCEPT
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1469-185x.1997.tb00017.x
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发表时间：
1997-08
影响因子：
10
通讯作者：
C. Macneil;J. Dick;R. W. Elwood
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
C. Macneil;J. Dick;R. W. Elwood
钩虾属广泛分布于各种淡水生境，在数量和/或生物量方面，可能是许多底栖大型无脊椎动物群落的主要部分。虽然绝大多数研究都强调钩虾的草食性。和他们的“粉碎机”功能喂养组（FFG）分类，我们表明，一个更广泛的食物基础被利用比以前已经承认。作为食草动物/捕食者的这种“可塑性”与钩虾的成功有关。在易受干扰的生态系统中持续存在并殖民/入侵。行会内的掠夺和同类相食比以前意识到的更加普遍。这种行为似乎是一个因果机制，在许多端足类物种的替代。此外，钩虾属（Gammarus spp.）是大型无脊椎动物群落其他成员的主要捕食者。此外，虽然许多研究强调鱼类捕食钩虾属，我们说明了这种鱼：片足类，捕食者：猎物的相互作用可能是一个双向的过程，钩虾属。他们自己捕食幼鱼和受伤/被困的鱼。我们敦促采取新的现实主义对钩虾的营养生态。以及它们作为捕食者和猎物的角色，以及先前建立的FFG对食物和饲养者的假设受到了批判性的质疑。
Gammarus spp. are widespread throughout a diverse range of freshwater habitats and can be the dominant part of many benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages, in terms of both numbers and/or biomass. Although the vast majority of studies have emphasized the herbivorous nature of Gammarus spp. and their ‘shredder’ functional feeding group (FFG) classification, we show that a far wider food base is exploited than has been previously acknowledged. This ‘plasticity’ as herbivore/predator is linked to the success of Gammarus spp. in persisting in and colonizing/invading disturbance‐prone ecosystems. Intraguild predation and cannibalism are more common than previously realized. This behaviour appears to be a causal mechanism in many amphipod species replacements. Additionally, Gammarus spp. are major predators of other members of the macroinvertebrate community. Furthermore, while many studies have emphasized fish predation on Gammarus spp., we illustrate how this fish: amphipod, predator: prey interaction may be a two‐way process, with Gammarus spp. themselves preying upon juvenile and wounded/trapped fish. We urge that a new realism be adopted towards the trophic ecology of Gammarus spp. and their role as predators and prey and that previously established FFG assumptions of both the food and the feeder be questioned critically.