Paracrine signaling in a bacterium
Paracrine signaling in a bacterium
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DOI：
10.1101/gad.1813709
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发表时间：
2009-07-15
影响因子：
10.5
通讯作者：
Kolter, Roberto
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lopez, Daniel;Vlamakis, Hera;Kolter, Roberto
细胞分化是由细胞外信号触发的，这些信号导致靶细胞采取特定的命运。细菌的分化通常涉及自分泌信号，其中群体中的所有细胞产生并响应相同的信号。在这里，我们提出了细菌群体中旁分泌信号的证据-一些细胞产生的信号，只有某些靶细胞响应。芽孢杆菌生物膜的形成涉及两个重要的信号分子，ComX和表面活性素。ComX触发表面活性素的产生。反过来，表面活性素导致细胞亚群产生细胞外基质。产生表面活性素的细胞本身不能对它产生反应，同样，一旦表面活性素反应细胞开始产生基质，它们就不再对ComX产生反应，也就不能成为表面活性素的生产者。对ComX的不敏感性是细胞外基质的结果，因为突变细胞不能使基质对ComX和表面活性素都有反应。我们的研究结果表明，细胞外信号是单向的，一个亚群产生一个信号和不同的亚群响应it. Paracrine信号在细菌种群中确保维护，经过几代，特定的细胞类型，即使在分子的存在下，否则会导致这些细胞分化成其他细胞类型。
Cellular differentiation is triggered by extracellular signals that cause target cells to adopt a particular fate. Differentiation in bacteria typically involves autocrine signaling in which all cells in the population produce and respond to the same signal. Here we present evidence for paracrine signaling in bacterial populations-some cells produce a signal to which only certain target cells respond. Biofilm formation in Bacillus involves two centrally important signaling molecules, ComX and surfactin. ComX triggers the production of surfactin. In turn, surfactin causes a subpopulation of cells to produce an extracellular matrix. Cells that produced surfactin were themselves unable to respond to it. Likewise, once surfactin-responsive cells commenced matrix production, they no longer responded to ComX and could not become surfactin producers. Insensitivity to ComX was the consequence of the extracellular matrix as mutant cells unable to make matrix responded to both ComX and surfactin. Our results demonstrate that extracellular signaling was unidirectional, with one subpopulation producing a signal and a different subpopulation responding to it. Paracrine signaling in a bacterial population ensures the maintenance, over generations, of particular cell types even in the presence of molecules that would otherwise cause those cells to differentiate into other cell types.