Propelling plastics into the circular economy - weeding out the toxics first
Propelling plastics into the circular economy - weeding out the toxics first
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DOI：
10.1016/j.envint.2016.05.012
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发表时间：
2016-09-01
影响因子：
11.8
通讯作者：
Jonkers, N.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Leslie, H. A.;Leonards, P. E. G.;Jonkers, N.
《斯德哥尔摩公约》禁止将有毒化学品列入其持久性有机污染物（POPs）清单，以促进清洁生产，防止POPs在全球环境中积累。最初的“十二类”持久性有机污染物现已扩大到包括一些溴化二苯醚阻燃剂（POPBDEs）。除了清洁生产之外，迫切需要提高资源效率，以解决地球上有限的原材料问题。回收塑料可以提高资源效率，是循环经济的一部分，但我们回收的材料有多清洁呢？在一种新的筛选方法和详细分析的帮助下，我们开始调查这些基本上过时的bde在荷兰汽车和电子废物流中的出现位置，计算质量流量并确定它们进入新产品链的程度。我们的研究显示，在运往回收市场的某些塑料材料中，发现了高浓度的禁用苯二苯醚和其他有毒阻燃剂。在包括儿童玩具在内的各种新型消费品中也发现了这种物质。一项质量流分析显示，废弃电气和电子设备（WEEE）中所有POP-BDE的22%预计最终会进入回收塑料，因为这些有毒、具有生物蓄积性和持久性的物质目前没有有效地从塑料废物流中分离出来。在汽车行业，这一比例为14%，而另外19%预计最终会成为二手零件（再利用）。这些结果提出了消费者安全/清洁生产与资源效率之间微妙权衡的问题。塑料制品作为石油密集型材料，应该进行修复、再利用、再制造、再循环，充分利用循环经济的“内圈”。将有害物质——无论是众所周知的持久性有机污染物还是新出现的污染物——排除在产品和塑料废物流之外，可以使这些循环更好地为企业、人类和自然服务。(C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd.版权所有。
The Stockholm Convention bans toxic chemicals on its persistent organic pollutants (POPs) list in order to promote cleaner production and prevent POPs accumulation in the global environment. The original 'dirty dozen' set of POPs has been expanded to include some of the brominated diphenyl ether flame retardants (POPBDEs). In addition to cleaner production, there is an urgent need for increased resource efficiency to address the finite amount of raw materials on Earth. Recycling plastic enhances resource efficiency and is part of the circular economy approach, but how clean are the materials we are recycling? With the help of a new screening method and detailed analyses, we set out to investigate where these largely obsolete BDEs were showing up in Dutch automotive and electronics waste streams, calculate mass flows and determine to what extent they are entering the new product chains. Our study revealed that banned BDEs and other toxic flame retardants are found at high concentrations in certain plastic materials destined for recycling markets. They were also found in a variety of new consumer products, including children's toys. A mass flow analysis showed that 22% of all the POP-BDE in waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) is expected to end up in recycled plastics because these toxic, bioaccumulative and persistent substances are currently not effectively separated out of plastic waste streams. In the automotive sector, this is 14%, while an additional 19% is expected to end up in second-hand parts (reuse). These results raise the issue of delicate trade-offs between consumer safety/cleaner production and resource efficiency. As petroleum intensive materials, plastic products ought to be repaired, reused, remanufactured and recycled, making good use of the 'inner circles' of the circular economy. Keeping hazardous substances - whether they are well known POPs or emerging contaminants - out of products and plastic waste streams could make these cycles work better for businesses, people and nature. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.