Migration, environmental hazards, and health outcomes in China
Migration, environmental hazards, and health outcomes in China
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DOI：
10.1016/j.socscimed.2012.12.002
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发表时间：
2013-03-01
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Landry, Pierre F.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chen, Juan;Chen, Shuo;Landry, Pierre F.
中国经济的快速增长对环境造成了严重影响。环境危害是健康危险因素的主要来源。超过 2 亿人迁移到污染严重的城市地区可能会对健康造成严重损害。基于 2009 年全国住户调查“中国人对不平等和分配不公的态度”（N = 2866）的数据以及各个县级和市级指标，我们调查了中国主观环境危害暴露和相关健康结果的差异。本研究特别关注移民居住状况和县级社会经济发展。我们采用多元回归来解释复杂的多阶段调查设计，以评估感知环境危害与个人和县级指标之间以及感知环境危害与健康结果之间的关联，并在多个层面上控制物理和社会环境。我们发现，感知到的环境危害与县级工业化和经济发展有关：居住在工业化程度较高的县的受访者表示，他们更容易受到环境危害的影响。从农村到城市的移民面临更多的水污染和更高的总体环境危害。感知的环境风险因素严重影响受访者的身心健康。感知到的总体环境危害对身体健康的负面影响对农村进城务工人员的危害比对城市居民的危害更大。研究结果呼吁重组户籍制度，以实现公共服务均等化，并减轻不利的环境健康影响，特别是对流动人口的影响。 (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. 保留所有权利。
China's rapid economic growth has had a serious impact on the environment. Environmental hazards are major sources of health risk factors. The migration of over 200 million people to heavily polluted urban areas is likely to be significantly detrimental to health. Based on data from the 2009 national household survey "Chinese Attitudes toward Inequality and Distributive Injustice" (N = 2866) and various county-level and municipal indicators, we investigate the disparities in subjective exposure to environmental hazards and associated health outcomes in China. This study focuses particularly on migration-residency status and county-level socio-economic development. We employ multiple regressions that account for the complex multi-stage survey design to assess the associations between perceived environmental hazards and individual and county-level indicators and between perceived environmental hazards and health outcomes, controlling for physical and social environments at multiple levels. We find that perceived environmental hazards are associated with county-level industrialization and economic development: respondents living in more industrialized counties report greater exposure to environmental hazards. Rural-to-urban migrants are exposed to more water pollution and a higher measure of overall environmental hazard. Perceived environmental risk factors severely affect the physical and mental health of the respondents. The negative effects of perceived overall environmental hazard on physical health are more detrimental for rural-to-urban migrants than for urban residents. The research findings call for restructuring the household registration system in order to equalize access to public services and mitigate adverse environmental health effects, particularly among the migrant population. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.