Cerebrospinal fluid antibodies to aquaporin-4 in neuromyelitis optica and related disorders: frequency, origin, and diagnostic relevance.

Cerebrospinal fluid antibodies to aquaporin-4 in neuromyelitis optica and related disorders: frequency, origin, and diagnostic relevance.
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DOI:
10.1186/1742-2094-7-52
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发表时间:
2010-09-08
影响因子:
9.3
通讯作者:
Wildemann B
Wildemann B
中科院分区:
医学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Jarius S;Franciotta D;Paul F;Ruprecht K;Bergamaschi R;Rommer PS;Reuss R;Probst C;Kristoferitsch W;Wandinger KP;Wildemann B

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在 70-80% 的病例中,视神经脊髓炎 (NMO) 与水通道蛋白 4 的高度特异性血清自身抗体(称为 AQP4-Ab 或 NMO-IgG)相关。最近的证据强烈表明 AQP4-Ab 直接参与 NMO 的免疫发病机制。评估 NMO 谱系疾病 (NMOSD) 患者脑脊液 (CSF) AQP4-Ab 的频率、综合征特异性、诊断相关性和来源。使用重组人 AQP4 在基于细胞的测定中检测了来自 37 名 NMOSD 患者和 42 名患有其他神经系统疾病的对照者的 87 份脑脊液样本中的 AQP4-Ab。进一步分析了来自 AQP4-Ab 血清阳性 NMOSD 患者的 23 对 CSF 和血清样本,以了解 AQP4 的鞘内 IgG 合成。在来自 AQP4-Ab 血清阳性 NMOSD 患者的 68% 的 CSF 样本中可检测到 AQP4-Ab,但在 AQP4-Ab 血清阴性 NMOSD 患者的 CSF 样本中和所有对照样本中均未检测到 AQP4-Ab。腰椎穿刺前 30 天内急性疾病复发、AQP4-Ab 血清滴度 >1:250 和血脑脊液屏障功能障碍(而非治疗状态)可预测 CSF AQP4-Ab 阳性。所分析的 1/23 样本中存在阳性 AQP4 特异性抗体指数。 AQP4-Ab 在大多数 NMOSD 患者的脑脊液中可检测到,主要是在复发期间,并且对于这种情况具有高度特异性。在本研究分析的队列中,CSF AQP4-Ab 检测并未提高当前 NMO 诊断标准的敏感性和特异性。 NMOSD 患者鞘内 AQP4-Ab 合成的严重缺乏可能反映了靶抗原在血脑屏障的独特定位,对于我们了解该疾病的免疫发病机制很重要。
In 70-80% of cases, neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is associated with highly specific serum auto-antibodies to aquaporin-4 (termed AQP4-Ab or NMO-IgG). Recent evidence strongly suggests that AQP4-Ab are directly involved in the immunopathogenesis of NMO. To assess the frequency, syndrome specificity, diagnostic relevance, and origin of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) AQP4-Ab in patients with NMO spectrum disorders (NMOSD). 87 CSF samples from 37 patients with NMOSD and 42 controls with other neurological diseases were tested for AQP4-Ab in a cell based assay using recombinant human AQP4. Twenty-three paired CSF and serum samples from AQP4-Ab seropositive NMOSD patients were further analysed for intrathecal IgG synthesis to AQP4. AQP4-Ab were detectable in 68% of CSF samples from AQP4-Ab seropositive patients with NMOSD, but in none of the CSF samples from AQP4-Ab seronegative patients with NMOSD and in none of the control samples. Acute disease relapse within 30 days prior to lumbar puncture, AQP4-Ab serum titres >1:250, and blood-CSF barrier dysfunction, but not treatment status, predicted CSF AQP4-Ab positivity. A positive AQP4-specific antibody index was present in 1/23 samples analysed. AQP4-Ab are detectable in the CSF of most patients with NMOSD, mainly during relapse, and are highly specific for this condition. In the cohort analysed in this study, testing for CSF AQP4-Ab did not improve the sensitivity and specificity of the current diagnostic criteria for NMO. The substantial lack of intrathecal AQP4-Ab synthesis in patients with NMOSD may reflect the unique localisation of the target antigen at the blood brain barrier, and is important for our understanding of the immunopathogenesis of the disease.
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