Aging-Aware Request Scheduling for Non-Volatile Main Memory
Aging-Aware Request Scheduling for Non-Volatile Main Memory
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DOI：
10.1145/3394885.3431529
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发表时间：
2020-11
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Shihao Song;Anup Das;O. Mutlu;Nagarajan Kandasamy
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文献类型：
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作者：
Shihao Song;Anup Das;O. Mutlu;Nagarajan Kandasamy
现代计算系统正在采用非易失性存储器（NVM）来实现高容量和低成本的主存储器。NVM工作电压升高会加速各存储库外围电路CMOS晶体管的老化。激进的器件缩放会增加功率密度和温度，从而进一步加速老化，挑战基于nvm的主存储器的可靠运行。我们提出了HEBE，一种架构技术来缓解基于nvm的主存的电路老化相关问题。HEBE建立在三个贡献的基础上。首先，我们提出了一种新的分析模型，该模型可以根据存储库的利用率动态跟踪每个存储库外围电路的老化情况。其次，我们开发了一种智能内存请求调度器，该调度器在运行时利用该老化模型，仅当内存库的老化超过临界阈值时才对其外围电路进行减压。第三，我们引入了一个隔离晶体管来解耦在不同电压下工作的外围电路部分，允许解耦的逻辑块独立地进行长延迟的去应力操作，并且离开存储器读写访问的关键路径，从而提高性能。我们使用SPEC CPU2017基准套件中的工作负载评估HEBE。我们的研究结果表明，HEBE显著提高了基于nvm的主存的性能和寿命。
Modern computing systems are embracing non-volatile memory (NVM) to implement high-capacity and low-cost main memory. Elevated operating voltages of NVM accelerate the aging of CMOS transistors in the peripheral circuitry of each memory bank. Aggressive device scaling increases power density and temperature, which further accelerates aging, challenging the reliable operation of NVM-based main memory. We propose HEBE, an architectural technique to mitigate the circuit aging-related problems of NVM-based main memory. HEBE is built on three contributions. First, we propose a new analytical model that can dynamically track the aging in the peripheral circuitry of each memory bank based on the bank’s utilization. Second, we develop an intelligent memory request scheduler that exploits this aging model at run time to de-stress the peripheral circuitry of a memory bank only when its aging exceeds a critical threshold. Third, we introduce an isolation transistor to decouple parts of a peripheral circuit operating at different voltages, allowing the decoupled logic blocks to undergo long-latency de-stress operations independently and off the critical path of memory read and write accesses, improving performance. We evaluate HEBE with workloads from the SPEC CPU2017 Benchmark suite. Our results show that HEBE significantly improves both performance and lifetime of NVM-based main memory.