The Limits of Visual Working Memory in Children: Exploring Prioritization and Recency Effects With Sequential Presentation
The Limits of Visual Working Memory in Children: Exploring Prioritization and Recency Effects With Sequential Presentation
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DOI：
10.1037/dev0000427
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发表时间：
2018-02-01
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Allen, Richard J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Berry, Ed D. J.;Waterman, Amanda H.;Allen, Richard J.
最近的研究表明，当被指示优先考虑视觉工作记忆（WM）中的一系列位置时，成年人能够提高对这个选定项目的表现，而代价是非优先项目（例如，Hu，Hitch，Baddeley，Zhang，&艾伦，2014）.虽然执行控制似乎在这种能力中发挥了重要作用，但回忆最近呈现的项目（即，近因效应）是相对自动的，可能由感知机制驱动。在3个实验中，7至10岁的优先事项在工作记忆的能力进行了调查，使用顺序视觉任务（总N = 208）。实验还探讨了工作记忆个体差异与实验任务成绩的关系。参与者无法优先考虑的第一个（实验1和2）或最后（实验3）的项目在3个项目的序列，而大的近因效应的最后一个项目在所有实验中一致观察。在3个实验中没有优先级提升表明，儿童可能没有必要的执行资源来优先考虑视觉序列中的项目，当被指示这样做时。相反，最后一个项目的一致近因增强表明，儿童对最近遇到的刺激表现出自动记忆的好处。最后，在基线条件下，儿童被指示记住所有3个项目同样，额外的WM措施预测性能在第一和第二，但不是第三个序列的位置，进一步支持建议的自动性的近因效应在视觉WM。
Recent research has demonstrated that, when instructed to prioritize a serial position in visual working memory (WM), adults are able to boost performance for this selected item, at a cost to nonprioritized items (e.g., Hu, Hitch, Baddeley, Zhang, & Allen, 2014). While executive control appears to play an important role in this ability, the increased likelihood of recalling the most recently presented item (i.e., the recency effect) is relatively automatic, possibly driven by perceptual mechanisms. In 3 Experiments 7 to 10 year-old's ability to prioritize items in WM was investigated using a sequential visual task (total N = 208). The relationship between individual differences in WM and performance on the experimental task was also explored. Participants were unable to prioritize the first (Experiments 1 and 2) or final (Experiment 3) item in a 3-item sequence, while large recency effects for the final item were consistently observed across all experiments. The absence of a priority boost across 3 experiments indicates that children may not have the necessary executive resources to prioritize an item within a visual sequence, when directed to do so. In contrast, the consistent recency boosts for the final item indicate that children show automatic memory benefits for the most recently encountered stimulus. Finally, for the baseline condition in which children were instructed to remember all 3 items equally, additional WM measures predicted performance at the first and second but not the third serial position, further supporting the proposed automaticity of the recency effect in visual WM.