Emerging indirect and long-term road salt effects on ecosystems
Emerging indirect and long-term road salt effects on ecosystems
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05942.x
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发表时间：
2011-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Kelly, Victoria R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Findlay, Stuart E. G.;Kelly, Victoria R.
在道路上广泛使用盐作为除冰剂被认为是环境和经济损害的一个重要来源。早期的研究集中在近道路和短期的影响，浓度可以超过每升几克。越来越多的证据表明，盐的使用在更广泛的地区、更长的时间范围内产生了重大影响，并正在影响一系列生态过程。在整个生态系统中，NaCl的浓度可以升高到>100 mg Cl（-）/L，这可能对几种生物的敏感生命阶段产生非致命和可能微妙的影响。氯化钠似乎会滞留在陆地和水生生态系统中，从而延长了接触的实际时间，并导致在繁殖期或其他敏感生命阶段出现时的暖季浓度升高。许多氯化钠的替代品减少了这些负面影响，尽管目前大规模使用成本过高。一些管理施用量的技术是技术上的改进，而另一些则涉及可能产生新的环境后果的有机化合物的新混合物。这些广泛和持久的环境后果的越来越多的证据必须纳入除冰程序的决定。
Widespread use of salts as deicing agents on roads has been perceived as a significant source of environmental and economic damage. Early studies focused on near-road and short-term effects where concentrations can exceed several grams per liter. Evidence is accumulating that the use of salts has significant effects over broader areas, longer time frames, and is affecting a range of ecological processes. Concentrations of NaCl can be elevated throughout an ecosystem to >100 mg Cl(-)/L, which may have nonlethal and possibly subtle effects on sensitive life stages of several organisms. NaCl seems subject to retention within terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, thus prolonging the actual duration of exposure and leading to elevated warm-season concentrations when reproduction may be occurring or other sensitive life stages are present. Many of the alternatives to NaCl reduce some of these negative effects, although are currently cost prohibitive for large-scale use. Some techniques for managing application rates are improvements in technology, while others involve novel mixtures of organic compounds that may have new environmental consequences. The increasing evidence of these widespread and persistent environmental consequences must be brought into decisions on deicing procedures.