COLORECTAL DISTENSION AS A NOXIOUS VISCERAL STIMULUS - PHYSIOLOGIC AND PHARMACOLOGIC CHARACTERIZATION OF PSEUDAFFECTIVE REFLEXES IN THE RAT
COLORECTAL DISTENSION AS A NOXIOUS VISCERAL STIMULUS - PHYSIOLOGIC AND PHARMACOLOGIC CHARACTERIZATION OF PSEUDAFFECTIVE REFLEXES IN THE RAT
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DOI：
10.1016/0006-8993(88)91555-7
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发表时间：
1988-05-31
期刊：
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
GEBHART, GF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
NESS, TJ;GEBHART, GF
这份报告提供的证据表明，结直肠扩张是一种可重复性的、可靠的、有效的、有害的内脏刺激，可用于清醒、未麻醉、不受约束的大鼠的研究。结直肠扩张可产生厌恶行为以及心血管和内脏运动反应，这些反应是可量化的、可靠的、可重复性的，可用于动物间和动物内的研究。心血管反应，即心动过速的升压反应，被认为是由于交感神经流出增加和迷走神经张力的消除所致，因为阿托品、心得安、酚妥拉明、氯异丹明和肾上腺去皮质以剂量依赖的方式减弱。内脏运动反应是腹部和后肢肌肉的收缩。内脏运动反应的扩张压力阈值(22.4.+-.0.9毫米汞柱)显著大于引起非伤害性反应--肛门括约肌松弛(13.2±-)所需的值。0.7毫米汞柱)。心血管和内脏运动反应都是通过脑干环路起作用的，因为这两种反应在去大脑(中脑)的大鼠中都很活跃，但在棘化的大鼠(C1或T6)中都没有。麻醉剂可减弱(阿法松/阿法度酮、氯胺酮)或逆转(乌拉坦、戊巴比妥、α-氯醛糖)对结直肠扩张的心血管反应，并减弱(阿法克松/阿法度酮)或取消(上文列出的其他)内脏运动反应。吗啡(全身和鞘内)和可乐定(鞘内)均可剂量依赖地抑制结直肠扩张引起的心血管和内脏运动反应。因此，在清醒的无拘无束的大鼠中，对结直肠扩张的心血管和内脏运动反应是急性内脏伤害性感觉的可量化、可靠和可重现的迹象。
This report presents evidence that colorectal distension is a reproducible, reliable, valid, noxious visceral stimulus that can be used in studies performed in awake, unanesthetized, unrestrained rats. Colorectal distension produces aversive behavior and cardiovascular and visceromotor responses which are quantifiable, reliable, reproducible and useful for inter- and intra-animal studies. The cardiovascular response, a pressor response with tachycardia, is graded and thought to be due to an increase in sympathetic outflow coupled with removal of vagal tone since it is attenuated in a dose-dependent way by atropine, propranolol, phentolamine, chlorisondamine and adrenal demedullation. The visceromotor response is a contraction of abdominal and hindlimb musculature. The distending pressure threshold for the visceromotor response (22.4 .+-. 0.9 mm Hg) is significantly greater than that necessary to evoke a non-nonciceptive response, relaxation of the anal sphincters (13.2 .+-. 0.7 mm Hg). Both the cardiovascular and visceromotor responses act via brainstem loops since both are vigorous in decerebrate (midcollicular) but not spinalized (C1 or T6) rats. Anesthetics attenuated (alphaxalone/alphadolone, ketamine) or reversed (urethane, pentobarbital, .alpha.-chloralose) the cardiovascular responses to colorectal distension and attenuated (alphaxalone/alphadolone) or abolished (others listed above) the visceromotor response. Both morphine (systemic and intrathecal) and clonidine (intrathecal) produced a dose-dependent inhibition of both the cardiovascular and visceromotor responses to colorectal distension. Thus, in the awake, unrestrained rat, the cardiovascular and visceromotor responses to colorectal distension are quantifiable, reliable and reproducible signs of acute visceral nociception.