Evolutionary constraints in hind wing shape in Chinese dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae).
Evolutionary constraints in hind wing shape in Chinese dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae).
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中国粪甲虫（鞘翅目：金龟子亚科）后翅形状的进化限制
DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0021600
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发表时间：
2011
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Yang XK
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bai M;McCullough E;Song KQ;Liu WG;Yang XK
本研究利用形态计量学和系统发育分析研究了中国粪甲虫物种后翅形状的进化。先前的研究分析了单个或极少数物种内翅膀形状的演变，或者仅比较了一些翅膀特征。没有研究分析大量物种的翅膀形状进化，或定量比较翅膀的形态变化与提出的系统发育关系。本研究根据 19 个地标、119 个形态特征和 81 个甲虫物种检查后翅的形态变异。根据 119 个翅膀和身体特征，仅发现了一棵最简约树 (MPT)。为了更好地理解后翅在金龟亚科进化中可能发挥的作用，基于唯一的身体特征（106个特征，不包括翅膀特征）提出了额外的系统发育分析。根据106个身体特征找到了两个MPT，并在严格共识下崩溃了五个节点。形态树和所有系统发育树之间存在很强的相关性（r>0.5）。对祖先翅膀形态的重建表明，金龟子亚科后翅形态并没有随着时间的推移而发生实质性变化，但确实发生的形态变化集中在翅膀的基部。这些结果表明，自金龟子亚科起源以来，飞行就一直很重要，并且后翅形态的变化受到功能限制的限制。金龟亚科部落之间的度量差异值和相对进化序列的比较表明，原始粪甲虫具有相对多样化的后翅形态，而高级粪甲虫具有相对相似的翅膀形态。形态树和系统发育树之间的强相关性表明后翅特征反映了全身形态的进化，并且翅膀特征适合进行系统发育分析。通过整合形态测量和分支方法，本文为粪甲虫后翅的进化提供了新的线索。
This study examines the evolution hindwing shape in Chinese dung beetle species using morphometric and phylogenetic analyses. Previous studies have analyzed the evolution of wing shape within a single or very few species, or by comparing only a few wing traits. No study has analyzed wing shape evolution of a large number of species, or quantitatively compared morphological variation of wings with proposed phylogenetic relationships. This study examines the morphological variation of hindwings based on 19 landmarks, 119 morphological characters, and 81 beetle species. Only one most parsimonious tree (MPT) was found based on 119 wing and body characters. To better understand the possible role of the hindwing in the evolution of Scarabaeinae, additional phylogenetic analyses were proposed based on the only body features (106 characters, wing characters excluded). Two MPT were found based on 106 body characters, and five nodes were collapsed in a strict consensus. There was a strong correlation between the morphometric tree and all phylogenetic trees (r>0.5). Reconstructions of the ancestral wing forms suggest that Scarabaeinae hindwing morphology has not changed substantially over time, but the morphological changes that do occur are focused at the base of the wing. These results suggest that flight has been important since the origin of Scarabaeinae, and that variation in hindwing morphology has been limited by functional constraints. Comparison of metric disparity values and relative evolutionary sequences among Scarabaeinae tribes suggest that the primitive dung beetles had relatively diverse hindwing morphologies, while advanced dung beetles have relatively similar wing morphologies. The strong correlation between the morphometric tree and phylogenetic trees suggest that hindwing features reflect the evolution of whole body morphology and that wing characters are suitable for the phylogenetic analyses. By integrating morphometric and cladistic approaches, this paper sheds new light on the evolution of dung beetle hind wings.
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