Global drivers of avian haemosporidian infections vary across zoogeographical regions
Global drivers of avian haemosporidian infections vary across zoogeographical regions
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DOI：
10.1111/geb.13390
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发表时间：
2021-09-07
影响因子：
6.4
通讯作者：
Wells, Konstans
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Fecchio, Alan;Clark, Nicholas J.;Wells, Konstans
目的宏观生态分析为影响寄生虫在空间和宿主间分布的因素提供有价值的见解。在根据局部和区域研究结果进行概括时出现的巨大不确定性中，需要对全球数据集应用分层方法来确定寄生虫感染模式的驱动因素是否在不同的规模上有所不同。我们评估了横跨多种禽类宿主支系和动物地理领域的血孢子虫感染的全球模式，以描绘流行热点并确定可能的潜在驱动因素。全球定位。时间段为1994-2019年。主要分类群研究了禽类的血孢子虫寄生虫(疟原虫属、血蛋白属、白细胞增殖体属和副血蛋白属)。方法我们合并了来自全球2,445种53,669只禽类的感染数据。建立了空间-系统发育层次贝叶斯模型，以区分潜在的景观、气候和生物感染概率的驱动因素，同时考虑了空间背景和鸟类宿主系统发育关系。结果3个最常见的血孢子虫属对气候、生境、寄主亲缘关系和寄主生态性状的特异性反应表明，从局部到全球范围内，宿主感染率存在显著差异。值得注意的是，宿主生态驱动因素，如疟原虫和副血蛋白的迁移距离，对不同地区的感染率表现出明显的不同甚至相反的影响，而气候对不同地区的感染率的影响更一致。此外，一些低流行地区的感染不成比例地集中在少数几个当地热点地区，这表明除了全球驱动因素外，栖息地和小气候的区域规模差异可能会影响传播。主要结论我们的全球分级分析支持区域规模的研究结果，表明景观、气候和宿主生态特征对世界性和多样化的禽类寄生虫群体的寄生虫传播具有协同效应。我们的结果强调，除了不同地区的驱动因素可能存在差异外，还需要考虑这种相互作用，以产生预测未来情景下感染风险变化所需的稳健推断。
Aim Macroecological analyses provide valuable insights into factors that influence how parasites are distributed across space and among hosts. Amid large uncertainties that arise when generalizing from local and regional findings, hierarchical approaches applied to global datasets are required to determine whether drivers of parasite infection patterns vary across scales. We assessed global patterns of haemosporidian infections across a broad diversity of avian host clades and zoogeographical realms to depict hotspots of prevalence and to identify possible underlying drivers. Location Global. Time period 1994-2019. Major taxa studied Avian haemosporidian parasites (genera Plasmodium, Haemoproteus, Leucocytozoon and Parahaemoproteus). Methods We amalgamated infection data from 53,669 individual birds representing 2,445 species world-wide. Spatio-phylogenetic hierarchical Bayesian models were built to disentangle potential landscape, climatic and biotic drivers of infection probability while accounting for spatial context and avian host phylogenetic relationships. Results Idiosyncratic responses of the three most common haemosporidian genera to climate, habitat, host relatedness and host ecological traits indicated marked variation in host infection rates from local to global scales. Notably, host ecological drivers, such as migration distance for Plasmodium and Parahaemoproteus, exhibited predominantly varying or even opposite effects on infection rates across regions, whereas climatic effects on infection rates were more consistent across realms. Moreover, infections in some low-prevalence realms were disproportionately concentrated in a few local hotspots, suggesting that regional-scale variation in habitat and microclimate might influence transmission, in addition to global drivers. Main conclusions Our hierarchical global analysis supports regional-scale findings showing the synergistic effects of landscape, climate and host ecological traits on parasite transmission for a cosmopolitan and diverse group of avian parasites. Our results underscore the need to account for such interactions, in addition to possible variation in drivers across regions, to produce the robust inference required to predict changes in infection risk under future scenarios.