FluxMarker: Enhancing Tactile Graphics with Dynamic Tactile Markers
FluxMarker: Enhancing Tactile Graphics with Dynamic Tactile Markers
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FluxMarker：通过动态触觉标记增强触觉图形
DOI：
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Tom Yeh
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. Suzuki;Abigale Stangl;M. Gross;Tom Yeh
对于视障人士来说，触觉图形是学习和探索信息的重要手段。然而，用传统材料（如压花）创建的凸起线触觉图形是静态的。虽然现有的可刷新显示器可以动态更改内容，但对于许多用户来说，它们仍然过于昂贵，而且尺寸有限。这些因素限制了广泛采用和大型图形或数据集的表示。在本文中，我们介绍了FluxMaker，这是一个廉价的可扩展系统，可以在静态触觉图形上呈现动态信息，并带有可移动的触觉标记。这些动态触觉标记可以很容易地重新配置并用于注释静态凸起线触觉图形，包括地图、图形和图表。我们开发了一个硬件原型，该原型由低成本和可扩展的电磁线圈阵列驱动，可以用标准印刷电路板制造。我们与六名有视觉障碍的参与者一起评估了我们的原型，并在四个应用领域发现了积极的结果：触觉地图上的位置查找或导航、数据分析和物理化、触觉图形的特征识别和绘图支持。用户研究证实了在教育和数据探索等应用领域的优势。
For people with visual impairments, tactile graphics are an important means to learn and explore information. However, raised line tactile graphics created with traditional materials such as embossing are static. While available refreshable displays can dynamically change the content, they are still too expensive for many users, and are limited in size. These factors limit wide-spread adoption and the representation of large graphics or data sets. In this paper, we present FluxMaker, an inexpensive scalable system that renders dynamic information on top of static tactile graphics with movable tactile markers. These dynamic tactile markers can be easily reconfigured and used to annotate static raised line tactile graphics, including maps, graphs, and diagrams. We developed a hardware prototype that actuates magnetic tactile markers driven by low-cost and scalable electromagnetic coil arrays, which can be fabricated with standard printed circuit board manufacturing. We evaluate our prototype with six participants with visual impairments and found positive results across four application areas: location finding or navigating on tactile maps, data analysis, and physicalization, feature identification for tactile graphics, and drawing support. The user study confirms advantages in application domains such as education and data exploration.