Comparing The Accuracy of Frequentist and Bayesian Models in Human-Agent Negotiation
Comparing The Accuracy of Frequentist and Bayesian Models in Human-Agent Negotiation
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比较人类代理协商中频率论模型和贝叶斯模型的准确性
DOI:
10.1145/3472306.3478354
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发表时间:
2021
期刊:
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Gratch, Jonathan
中科院分区:
文献类型:
--
作者:
Johnson, Emmanuel;Gratch, Jonathan
Understanding an opponent's wants is crucial for maximizing the outcomes of a multi-issue negotiation. To do this, automated systems must build an "opponent model" from information conveyed during a negotiation. Bayesian and frequentist models are the most commonly used. Bayesian models have a principled way to incorporate prior knowledge about an opponent's preferences. However, frequentist models have outperformed Bayesian approaches in practice, dominating the yearly agent-verses-agent negotiation competitions. With growing interest in agents that negotiate with people, this presumed dominance needs to be revisited. Human opponents convey far less information than automated agents, and people often share similar preferences (e.g., in a salary negotiation, most people care the most about salary). Thus, the theoretical advantage of Bayesian approaches may translate into practice for agent-versus-human negotiation. In this work, we compare the performance of Bayesian models against a leading frequentist approach in an agent-versus-human multi-issue salary negotiation. Although we show that frequentist opponent models outperform Bayesian models when using a uniform prior, Bayesian approaches excel when using two common priors. The best performance is achieved with an empirically-derived prior (i.e., biasing the model space using the distribution of preferences found in past human negotiators). Yet, strong performance is also observed when using a "fixed-pie bias", the prior used by most human negotiators. We discuss the implication of these findings for research on human-agent negotiation.
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DOI:
10.1007/978-3-642-24696-8_7
发表时间:
2012
期刊:
--
影响因子:
--
作者:
T. Baarslag;K. Hindriks;C. Jonker;Sarit Kraus;R. Lin
通讯作者:
T. Baarslag;K. Hindriks;C. Jonker;Sarit Kraus;R. Lin
DOI:
--
发表时间:
2012
期刊:
Complex Automated Negotiations
影响因子:
--
作者:
Takayuki Ito;Minjie Zhang;V. Robu;T. Matsuo
通讯作者:
T. Matsuo
DOI:
--
发表时间:
2009
期刊:
Adaptive Agents and Multi-Agent Systems
影响因子:
--
作者:
Yinon Oshrat;R. Lin;Sarit Kraus
通讯作者:
Sarit Kraus
DOI:
--
发表时间:
1990
期刊:
Psychology Review
影响因子:
--
作者:
Dominic W. Massaro;Daniel Friedman
通讯作者:
Daniel Friedman
影响因子:
3
作者:
Zahra Nazari;Gale M. Lucas;J. Gratch
通讯作者:
J. Gratch