Probiotics in dietary guidelines and clinical recommendations outside the European Union
Probiotics in dietary guidelines and clinical recommendations outside the European Union
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DOI：
10.3748/wjg.v20.i43.16095
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发表时间：
2014-11-21
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Sanders, Mary Ellen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ebner, Stephan;Smug, Linda N.;Sanders, Mary Ellen
几个世纪以来，发酵食品在许多地区都被食用，传统上被认为是健康食品，部分原因是发酵食品中含有活的微生物。“益生菌”的概念进一步要求对微生物进行定义，并通过人类干预研究或其他适当的调查证明其对健康的影响，然后再进行相应的健康信息营销。在这里，我们回顾了欧盟以外的几个国家对发酵食品和益生菌的建议，重点是基于食物的饮食指南。我们强调专家机构对酸奶和益生菌的建议。我们发现，膳食指南通常提倡食用酸奶或类似产品，但对益生菌的具体评论却很少。此外，我们回顾了来自临床协会的指南。一般来说，他们承认益生菌的有益作用，但经常建议需要进一步研究。尽管有高质量的证据支持益生菌对某些健康影响的作用，如预防婴儿湿疹，控制抗生素副作用和减轻功能性肠道症状，但这是事实。支持未来饮食建议的其他研究应侧重于确定效应大小、识别反应者和无反应者、澄清效应的菌株特异性和确认机制。（三）2014年百世登出版集团股份有限公司版权所有。
Fermented foods have been consumed for centuries across many geographical locales and have traditionally been considered healthy foods, partly because of the live microbes contained in them. The concept of "probiotics" further requires that the microbes be defined and their health effects be demonstrated through human intervention studies or other suitable investigations before marketing with corresponding health messages. Here, we review recommendations for fermented foods and probiotics in several countries outside the EU, focusing on food-based dietary guidelines. We emphasize recommendations on yoghurt and probiotics made by expert bodies. We found that dietary guidelines commonly advocate the consumption of yoghurt or similar products, but specific comments on probiotics are rare. Further, we reviewed guidelines from clinical associations. In general, they acknowledge the beneficial effects of probiotics, but often suggest the need for further research. This is true despite good quality evidence supporting the role of probiotics for certain health effects, such as prevention of eczema in infants, management of side effects from antibiotics and alleviation of functional bowel symptoms. Additional research to support future dietary recommendations should focus on determining effect size, identifying responders and non-responders, clarifying strain-specificity of effects and confirming mechanisms. (C) 2014 Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.